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Herring gulls break large bivalves by shell-dropping; they lift oysters (and adhering attached objects) of up to 93 grams in weight. They were less successful in breaking the shells of oysters than of mussels <i>Mytilus edulis</i>; only about one third of the oysters were broken by shell-dropping, in mussels this was nearly 100%. Experiments indicated mussels to break easier during shell dropping. Future research will indicate whether herring gulls will leam to improve their breaking technique.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Herring gulls learn to feed on a recent invader in the Dutch Wadden Sea, the Pacific oyster <i>Crassostrea gigas</i>","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-07-02 08:33:14.980000","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+00:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":"herring gulls, invader, Pacific oyster, <i>Crassostrea gigas</i>, oysters","Notes":null,"AnaPub":2001,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2014-08-26","DateCreate":"2002-05-07","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":24424,"PubliDate":2001,"Pagination":"33-42","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"65","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42409,"SerRR":"Basteria: Tijdschrift van de Nederlandse Malacologische Vereniging. 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