{"refrec":{"BRefID":245241,"RR":"<b>Crawford, R.J.M.; Underhill, L.G.; Coetzee, J.C.; Fairweather, T.; Shannon, L.J.; Wolfaardt, A.C.</b> (2008). Influences of the abundance and distribution of prey on African penguins <i>Spheniscus demersus</i> off western South Africa. <i>Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 30(1)</i>: 167-175. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/AJMS.2008.30.1.17.467\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/AJMS.2008.30.1.17.467</a>","BEntID":236926,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 30(1)</i>: 167-175. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/AJMS.2008.30.1.17.467\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/AJMS.2008.30.1.17.467</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Crawford, R.J.M.; Underhill, L.G.; Coetzee, J.C.; Fairweather, T.; Shannon, L.J.; Wolfaardt, A.C.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Crawford, R.J.M. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Off South Africa, anchovy <i>Engraulis encrasicolus</i> and sardine <i>Sardinops sagax</i> are the main prey of African penguins <i>Spheniscus demersus</i>. The combined spawner biomass of these fish increased from less than one million t in 1996 to more than nine million t in 2001  and then decreased to four million t in 2005. The combined biomass of young-of-the-year of these species increased from 0.2 million t in 1996 to 3.2 million t in 2001 before falling to 0.4 million t in 2005. There was a large eastward shift in the distribution of sardine between 1999 and 2005.  The number of African penguins breeding in the Western Cape Province increased from 18 000 pairs in 1996 to more than 30 000 pairs from 2001 to 2005 before falling to 21 000 pairs in 2006, as the availability of fish decreased near breeding localities. Numbers of penguins breeding and numbers  of birds in adult plumage moulting were significantly correlated with the young-of-the-year biomass of anchovy and sardine and with the available biomass of spawning sardine. The increase in the number of penguins breeding was mainly attributable to a greater proportion of birds breeding and  improved breeding success. The decrease probably resulted from high mortality. Delayed first breeding and abstinence from breeding during periods of food shortage may both increase survivorship when food is scarce and enable seabirds rapidly to take advantage of improved feeding conditions.  Although long-lived seabirds are buffered against short-term variability in food supplies, environmental change that influences the abundance and availability of prey can have severe consequences for central-place foragers, such as penguins, if there is long-term displacement of prey to regions  where no suitable breeding localities occur.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Influences of the abundance and distribution of prey on African penguins <i>Spheniscus demersus</i> off western South Africa","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-15 01:32:41.518251","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"African penguin; Breeding proportion;  Spheniscus demersus","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2008,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2015-04-30","DateCreate":"2015-03-02","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000258551900018","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.2989/AJMS.2008.30.1.17.467"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":245241,"PubliDate":2008,"Pagination":"167-175","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"30","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":78939,"SerRR":"African Journal of Marine Science. NISC/Taylor & Francis: Grahamstown.  ISSN 0257-7615; e-ISSN 1814-2338","StandardTitleSer":"African Journal of Marine Science","ISSN":"0257-7615","AbbrevSer":"Afr. J. Mar. Sci.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":167,"Pages":9,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Crawford","Firstname":null,"Initials":"R.J.M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":236926,"AutID":157855,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Underhill","Firstname":"Les","Initials":"L.G.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":236926,"AutID":14921,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Coetzee","Firstname":"Janet","Initials":"J.C.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":236926,"AutID":157895,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Fairweather","Firstname":null,"Initials":"T.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":236926,"AutID":77732,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Shannon","Firstname":null,"Initials":"L.J.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":236926,"AutID":157857,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Wolfaardt","Firstname":null,"Initials":"A.C.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":236926,"AutID":14926,"OrderNr":6,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":269077,"LibID":36,"BRefID":245241,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"269077","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Interne VLIZ documenten","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Non-open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":228,"Classification":"Non-open access","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":1,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_VLIZ_Intern","DutchDisclaimer":"<p>Deze publicatie is enkel beschikbaar voor persoonlijk gebruik binnen de Innovocean site <br />en mag op geen enkele manier verder worden verspreid.</p>","FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Taylor & Francis","City":"Grahamstown"},{"PublName":"NISC","City":"Grahamstown"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Breeding success","ThestID":9479,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Breeding success"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Food","ThestID":3387,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Food"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Mortality","ThestID":5352,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Population functions > Mortality"}],"thestermsASFA":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Breeding success"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Food"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Mortality"}],"taxtermsASFA":[{"TaxTerm":"Spheniscus demersus"}],"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":236926,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/AJMS.2008.30.1.17.467","externalID":"10.2989/AJMS.2008.30.1.17.467","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":37621,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Breeding success","ThestID":9479,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Food","ThestID":3387,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Mortality","ThestID":5352,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxterms":[{"TaxTerm":"Spheniscus demersus","AphiaID":212659,"TaxtID":41261}],"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Breeding success","DutchTerm":"Broedsucces","ThestID":9479,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Food","DutchTerm":"Voedsel","ThestID":3387,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Mortality","DutchTerm":"Sterfte","ThestID":5352,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxtermsFRIS":[{"TaxTerm":"Spheniscus demersus","DutchTerm":null,"AphiaID":212659,"TaxtID":41261}],"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","newSesDate":{"date":"2015-03-02 12:59:22.257000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Bouchti, Zohra, Z.","updSesDate":{"date":"2015-04-30 08:34:44.670000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}