{"refrec":{"BRefID":245422,"RR":"<b>Horwitz, R.; Borell, E.M.; Yam, R.; Shemesh, A.; Fine, M.</b> (2015). Natural high pCO<sub>2</sub> increases autotrophy in <i>Anemonia viridis</i> (Anthozoa) as revealed from stable isotope (C, N) analysis. <i>NPG Scientific Reports 5(8779)</i>: 9 pp. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep08779\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep08779</a>","BEntID":237108,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>NPG Scientific Reports 5(8779)</i>: 9 pp. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep08779\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep08779</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Horwitz, R.; Borell, E.M.; Yam, R.; Shemesh, A.; Fine, M.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Horwitz, R. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Contemporary cnidarian-algae symbioses are challenged by increasing CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations (ocean warming and acidification) affecting organisms' biological performance. We examined the natural variability of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in the symbiotic sea anemone <i>Anemonia viridis</i> to investigate dietary shifts (autotrophy/heterotrophy) along a natural <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> gradient at the island of Vulcano, Italy. <span class=\"mb\">d</span><sup>13</sup>C values for both algal symbionts (<i>Symbiodinium</i>) and host tissue of <i>A. viridis</i> became significantly lighter with increasing seawater <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>. Together with a decrease in the difference between <span class=\"mb\">d</span><sup>13</sup>C values of both fractions at the higher <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> sites, these results indicate there is a greater net autotrophic input to the <i>A. viridis</i> carbon budget under high <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> conditions. <span class=\"mb\">d</span><sup>15</sup>N values and C/N ratios did not change in <i>Symbiodinium</i> and host tissue along the <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> gradient. Additional physiological parameters revealed anemone protein and <i>Symbiodinium</i> chlorophyll <i>a</i> remained unaltered among sites. <i>Symbiodinium</i> density was similar among sites yet their mitotic index increased in anemones under elevated <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>. Overall, our findings show that <i>A. viridis</i> is characterized by a higher autotrophic/heterotrophic ratio as <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> increases. The unique trophic flexibility of this species may give it a competitive advantage and enable its potential acclimation and ecological success in the future under increased ocean acidification.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Natural high pCO<sub>2</sub> increases autotrophy in <i>Anemonia viridis</i> (Anthozoa) as revealed from stable isotope (C, N) analysis","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-17 01:31:59.350060","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2015,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2017-09-18","DateCreate":"2015-03-11","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000350453200006","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1038/srep08779"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":245422,"PubliDate":2015,"Pagination":"9 pp","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"5","Issue":"8779","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":208093,"SerRR":"Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group). 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