{"refrec":{"BRefID":246782,"RR":"<b>Geilfus, X; Galley, J; Crabeck, O; Papakyriakou, T; Landy, J; Tison, J.-L.; Rysgaard, S</b> (2015). Inorganic carbon dynamics of melt-pond-covered first-year sea ice in the Canadian Arctic. <i>Biogeosciences 12(6)</i>: 2047-2061. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2047-2015\" target=\"_blank\">dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2047-2015</a>","BEntID":238482,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Biogeosciences 12(6)</i>: 2047-2061. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2047-2015\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2047-2015</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Geilfus, X; Galley, J; Crabeck, O; Papakyriakou, T; Landy, J; Tison, J.-L.; Rysgaard, S","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Geilfus, X <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Melt pond formation is a common feature of spring and summer Arctic sea ice, but the role and impact of sea ice melt and pond formation on both the direction and size of CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes between air and sea is still unknown. Here we report on the CO<sub>2</sub>–carbonate chemistry of melting sea ice, melt ponds and the underlying seawater as well as CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes at the surface of first-year landfast sea ice in the Resolute Passage, Nunavut, in June 2012.Early in the melt season, the increase in ice temperature and the subsequent decrease in bulk ice salinity promote a strong decrease of the total alkalinity (TA), total dissolved inorganic carbon (<i>T</i>CO<sub>2</sub>) and partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> (<i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>) within the bulk sea ice and the brine. As sea ice melt progresses, melt ponds form, mainly from melted snow, leading to a low in situ melt pond <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> (36 µatm). The percolation of this low salinity and low <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> meltwater into the sea ice matrix decreased the brine salinity, TA and <i>T</i>CO<sub>2</sub>, and lowered the in situ brine <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> (to 20 µatm). This initial low in situ <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> observed in brine and melt ponds results in air–ice CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes ranging between -0.04 and -5.4 mmol m<sup>-2</sup> day<sup>-1</sup> (negative sign for fluxes from the atmosphere into the ocean). As melt ponds strive to reach <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> equilibrium with the atmosphere, their in situ <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> increases (up to 380 µatm) with time and the percolation of this relatively high concentration <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> meltwater increases the in situ brine <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> within the sea ice matrix as the melt season progresses. As the melt pond <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> increases, the uptake of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> becomes less significant. However, since melt ponds are continuously supplied by meltwater, their in situ <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> remains undersaturated with respect to the atmosphere, promoting a continuous but moderate uptake of CO<sub>2</sub> (~ -1 mmol m<sup>-2</sup> day<sup>-1</sup>) into the ocean. Considering the Arctic seasonal sea ice extent during the melt period (90 days), we estimate an uptake of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> of -10.4 Tg of C yr<sup>-1</sup>. This represents an additional uptake of CO<sub>2</sub> associated with Arctic sea ice that needs to be further explored and considered in the estimation of the Arctic Ocean's overall CO<sub>2</sub> budget.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Inorganic carbon dynamics of melt-pond-covered first-year sea ice in the Canadian Arctic","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2015,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2015-05-27","DateCreate":"2015-05-21","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000352112900029","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.5194/bg-12-2047-2015"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":246782,"PubliDate":2015,"Pagination":"2047-2061","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"12","Issue":"6","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":68092,"SerRR":"<b>Gattuso, J.P.; Kesselmeier, J. (Ed.)</b> Biogeosciences. Copernicus Publications: Göttingen.  ISSN 1726-4170; e-ISSN 1726-4189","StandardTitleSer":"Biogeosciences","ISSN":"1726-4170","AbbrevSer":"Biogeosciences","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":2047,"Pages":15,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Geilfus","Firstname":"N","Initials":"X","Affiliation":"Univ Manitoba, Dept Environm & Geog, Ctr Earth Observat Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":238482,"AutID":194460,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Galley","Firstname":"R","Initials":"J","Affiliation":"Univ Manitoba, Dept Environm & Geog, Ctr Earth Observat Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":238482,"AutID":194462,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Crabeck","Firstname":null,"Initials":"O","Affiliation":"Univ Manitoba, Dept Environm & Geog, Ctr Earth Observat Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":238482,"AutID":194463,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":"0000-0003-1882-9303","PersID":40006,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Papakyriakou","Firstname":null,"Initials":"T","Affiliation":"Univ Manitoba, Dept Environm & Geog, Ctr Earth Observat Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":238482,"AutID":194464,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Landy","Firstname":null,"Initials":"J","Affiliation":"Univ Manitoba, Dept Environm & Geog, Ctr Earth Observat Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":238482,"AutID":194465,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Tison","Firstname":"Jean-Louis","Initials":"J.-L.","Affiliation":"Laboratoire de Glaciologie, DSTE, Université Libre de Bruxelles","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":238482,"AutID":153702,"OrderNr":6,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":"Université Libre de Bruxelles; 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