{"refrec":{"BRefID":246833,"RR":"<b>Berntssen, G; Valdersnes, S; Lunestad, T; Hatlen, B; Alm, M.; Waagbo, R; Buttle, L</b> (2014). Residue levels of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in processed animal by-products used in Atlantic salmon feeds and their long-term carry-over to the edible part of the fish. <i>Aquacult. Nutr. 20(6)</i>: 712-721. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anu.12121\" target=\"_blank\">dx.doi.org/10.1111/anu.12121</a>","BEntID":238533,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquacult. Nutr. 20(6)</i>: 712-721. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anu.12121\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anu.12121</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Berntssen, G; Valdersnes, S; Lunestad, T; Hatlen, B; Alm, M.; Waagbo, R; Buttle, L","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Berntssen, G <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Residue levels of the antibacterials enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were analysed in 15 commercially relevant animal by-products (ABPs). Enrofloxacin was detected in all ABPs, and ciprofloxacin was detected in 11 of 15 ABP samples. Feed to muscle and skin carry –over of low background enro- and ciprofloxacin levels were assessed by applying a simple toxicokinetic model. The muscle and skin uptake and elimination rates were established in Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar </i>L.) fed enrofloxacin enriched diets (100 µg kg<sup>-1</sup> ‘low’ and 4000 µg kg<sup>-1</sup> ‘high’) in triplicate for 41 days followed by a 90 days depuration period. The terminal half-lives were 17 ± 0.4 and 18 ± 0.7 days, and uptake rates were 9.3 ± 3.3 and 11 ± 3.1 (day<sup>-1</sup>) for the ‘low’ and ‘high’ groups, respectively. Only fish fed high background levels had quantifiable levels of the metabolite ciprofloxacin with a formation of 0.25 ± 0.01% day<sup>-1</sup>. The toxicokinetic carry-over model predicted muscle and skin steady state levels of 1.8 µg kg<sup>-1</sup> when fed theoretically high enrofloxacin levels (158 µg kg<sup>-1</sup>), which is below the EU limit of 100 µg kg<sup>-1</sup> for enrofloxacin in finfish food products. The antibacterial residue levels could however be detected in EU food surveillance programmes.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Residue levels of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in processed animal by-products used in Atlantic salmon feeds and their long-term carry-over to the edible part of the fish","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"animal by-products; antibacterials; carry-over model; farmed fish;toxicokinetics","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2014,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2015-10-28","DateCreate":"2015-05-21","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000345077300014","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1111/anu.12121"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":246833,"PubliDate":2014,"Pagination":"712-721","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"20","Issue":"6","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42378,"SerRR":"Aquaculture Nutrition. 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