{"refrec":{"BRefID":246848,"RR":"<b>Byrne, M; Smith, M; Wes, S; Collard, M.; Dubois, P.; Graba-landry, A; Dworjanyn, A</b> (2014). Warming influences Mg<sup>2+</sup> content, while warming and acidification influence calcification and test strength of a sea urchin. <i>Environ. Sci. Technol. 48(21)</i>: 12620-12627. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es5017526\" target=\"_blank\">dx.doi.org/10.1021/es5017526</a>","BEntID":238548,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Environ. Sci. Technol. 48(21)</i>: 12620-12627. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es5017526\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es5017526</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Byrne, M; Smith, M; Wes, S; Collard, M.; Dubois, P.; Graba-landry, A; Dworjanyn, A","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Byrne, M <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"We examined the long-term effects of near-future changes in temperature and acidification on skeletal mineralogy, thickness, and strength in the sea urchin <i>Tripneustes gratilla</i> reared in all combinations of three pH (pH 8.1, 7.8, 7.6) and three temperatures (22 °C, 25 °C, 28 °C) from the early juvenile to adult, over 146 days. As the high-magnesium calcite of the echinoderm skeleton is a biomineral form highly sensitive to acidification, and influenced by temperature, we documented the MgCO<sub>3</sub> content of the spines, test plates, and teeth. The percentage of MgCO<sub>3</sub> varied systematically, with more Mg<sup>2+</sup> in the test and spines. The percentage of MgCO<sub>3</sub> in the test and teeth, but not the spines increased with temperature. Acidification did not change the percentage MgCO<sub>3</sub>. Test thickness increased with warming and decreased at pH 7.6, with no interaction between these factors. In crushing tests live urchins mostly ruptured at sutures between the plates. The force required to crush a live urchin was reduced in animals reared in low pH conditions but increased in those reared in warm conditions, a result driven by differences in urchin size. It appears that the interactive effects of warming and acidification on the Mg<sup>2+</sup> content and protective function of the sea urchin skeleton will play out in a complex way as global climatic change unfolds.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Warming influences Mg<sup>2+</sup> content, while warming and acidification influence calcification and test strength of a sea urchin","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2014,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2015-10-28","DateCreate":"2015-05-21","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000344449100018","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1021/es5017526"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":246848,"PubliDate":2014,"Pagination":"12620-12627","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"48","Issue":"21","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42837,"SerRR":"Environmental Science and Technology. 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