{"refrec":{"BRefID":246876,"RR":"<b>Niu, Y.; Defoirdt, T.; Baruah, K.; Van de Wiele, T.; Dong, L; Bossier, P.</b> (2014). <i>Bacillus</i> sp. LT3 improves the survival of gnotobiotic brine shrimp (<i>Artemia franciscana</i>) larvae challenged with <i>Vibrio campbellii</i> by enhancing the innate immune response and by decreasing the activity of shrimp-associated vibrios. <i>Vet. Microbiol. 173(3-4)</i>: 279-288. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.08.007\" target=\"_blank\">dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.08.007</a>","BEntID":238576,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Vet. Microbiol. 173(3-4)</i>: 279-288. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.08.007\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.08.007</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Niu, Y.; Defoirdt, T.; Baruah, K.; Van de Wiele, T.; Dong, L; Bossier, P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Niu, Y. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Bacteria belonging to the genus <i>Bacillus</i> are amongst the most intensively studied group of bacteria for use as probiotics in aquaculture. However, the exact mechanism of action of these bacteria is often not well described, and the microbiota that are naturally present in cultures of test organisms often compromise the interpretation of the results. The present study aimed to evaluate the putative probiotic effect of <i>Bacillus</i> sp. LT3 in a model system with gnotobiotic brine shrimp <i>Artemia franciscana</i> larvae. The strain significantly increased the survival of brine shrimp larvae challenged with <i>Vibrio campbellii</i> when administered 6 h before the challenge. Under these conditions, LT3 was able to colonize the brine shrimp gastrointestinal tract and to decrease the <i>in vivo</i> pathogen activity as indicated by the bioluminescence of the <i>V. campbellii</i> associated with brine shrimp larvae. In order to investigate the effect of the <i>Bacillus</i> strain on the innate immune system of the brine shrimp larvae, prophenoloxidase and transglutaminase mRNA levels were monitored, while heat shock protein 70 mRNA levels were measured as an indicator of physiological stress. Interestingly, 12 h after challenge, the prophenoloxidase mRNA level in the larvae pre-treated with LT3 and challenged with <i>V. campbellii</i> was approximately 8-fold higher than in the other treatments. Further, a decreased mRNA level of transglutaminase gene and heat shock protein 70 gene suggested that pretreatment with LT3 results in less stress and tissue damage in the brine shrimp larvae upon <i>V. campbellii</i> challenge. These results indicated that <i>Bacillus</i> sp. LT3 could improve the survival of brine shrimp larvae when challenged with pathogenic <i>V. campbellii</i>, both by decreasing the <i>in vivo</i> activity of the pathogen and by priming the innate immune response through activating the prophenoloxidase system.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"<i>Bacillus</i> sp. LT3 improves the survival of gnotobiotic brine shrimp (<i>Artemia franciscana</i>) larvae challenged with <i>Vibrio campbellii</i> by enhancing the innate immune response and by decreasing the activity of shrimp-associated vibrios","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:32:52.928458","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Bacillus sp.; Artemia; Innate immune response; Priming","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2014,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2015-10-28","DateCreate":"2015-05-21","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000344202900011","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.08.007"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":246876,"PubliDate":2014,"Pagination":"279-288","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"173","Issue":"3-4","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":122982,"SerRR":"Veterinary Microbiology. 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