{"refrec":{"BRefID":246938,"RR":"<b>Claes, J.M.; Partridge, C; Hart, S; Garza-Gisholt, E; Ho, C; Mallefet, J.; Collin, P</b> (2014). Photon hunting in the twilight zone: visual features of mesopelagic bioluminescent sharks. <i>PLoS One 9(8)</i>: -. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104213\" target=\"_blank\">dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104213</a>","BEntID":238638,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>PLoS One 9(8)</i>. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104213\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104213</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Claes, J.M.; Partridge, C; Hart, S; Garza-Gisholt, E; Ho, C; Mallefet, J.; Collin, P","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Claes, J.M. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The mesopelagic zone is a visual scene continuum in which organisms have developed various strategies to optimize photon capture. Here, we used light microscopy, stereology-assisted retinal topographic mapping, spectrophotometry and microspectrophotometry to investigate the visual ecology of deep-sea bioluminescent sharks [four etmopterid species (<i>Etmopterus lucifer</i>, <i>E. splendidus</i>, <i>E. spinax</i> and <i>Trigonognathus kabeyai</i>) and one dalatiid species (<i>Squaliolus aliae</i>)]. We highlighted a novel structure, a translucent area present in the upper eye orbit of Etmopteridae, which might be part of a reference system for counterillumination adjustment or acts as a spectral filter for camouflage breaking, as well as several ocular specialisations such as aphakic gaps and semicircular tapeta previously unknown in elasmobranchs. All species showed pure rod hexagonal mosaics with a high topographic diversity. Retinal specialisations, formed by shallow cell density gradients, may aid in prey detection and reflect lifestyle differences; pelagic species display areae centrales while benthopelagic and benthic species display wide and narrow horizontal streaks, respectively. One species (<i>E. lucifer</i>) displays two areae within its horizontal streak that likely allows detection of conspecifics' elongated bioluminescent flank markings. Ganglion cell topography reveals less variation with all species showing a temporal area for acute frontal binocular vision. This area is dorsally extended in <i>T. kabeyai</i>, allowing this species to adjust the strike of its peculiar jaws in the ventro-frontal visual field. <i>Etmopterus lucifer</i> showed an additional nasal area matching a high rod density area. Peak spectral sensitivities of the rod visual pigments (?<sub>max</sub>) fall within the range 484–491 nm, allowing these sharks to detect a high proportion of photons present in their habitat. Comparisons with previously published data reveal ocular differences between bioluminescent and non-bioluminescent deep-sea sharks. In particular, bioluminescent sharks possess higher rod densities, which might provide them with improved temporal resolution particularly useful for bioluminescent communication during social interactions.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Photon hunting in the twilight zone: visual features of mesopelagic bioluminescent sharks","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2014,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2015-05-28","DateCreate":"2015-05-21","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000339995100052","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1371/journal.pone.0104213"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":246938,"PubliDate":2014,"Pagination":null,"XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"9","Issue":"8","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":123954,"SerRR":"PLoS One. 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