{"refrec":{"BRefID":248805,"RR":"<b>Wedding, L.M.; Reiter, S.M.; Smith, C.R.; Gjerde, K.M.; Kittinger, J.N.; Friedlander, A.M.; Gaines, S.D.; Clark, M.R.; Thurnherr, A.M.; Hardy, S.M.; Crowder, L.B.</b> (2015). Managing mining of the deep seabed. <i>Science (Wash.) 349(6244)</i>: 144-145. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aac6647\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aac6647</a>","BEntID":240510,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Science (Wash.) 349(6244)</i>: 144-145. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aac6647\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aac6647</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Wedding, L.M.; Reiter, S.M.; Smith, C.R.; Gjerde, K.M.; Kittinger, J.N.; Friedlander, A.M.; Gaines, S.D.; Clark, M.R.; Thurnherr, A.M.; Hardy, S.M.; Crowder, L.B.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Wedding, L.M. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Interest in mining the deep seabed is not new; however, recent technological advances and increasing global demand for metals and rare-earth elements may make it economically viable in the near future. Since 2001, the International Seabed Authority (ISA) has granted 26 contracts (18 in the last 4 years) to explore for minerals on the deep seabed, encompassing ~1 million km<sup>2 </sup>in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans in areas beyond national jurisdiction. However, as fragile habitat structures and extremely slow recovery rates leave diverse deep-sea communities vulnerable to physical disturbances such as those caused by mining, the current regulatory framework could be improved. 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