{"refrec":{"BRefID":250214,"RR":"<b>Pinsino, A.; Russo, R.; Bonaventura, R.; Brunelli, A.; Marcomini, A.; Matranga, V.</b> (2015). Titanium dioxide nanoparticles stimulate sea urchin immune cell phagocytic activity involving TLR/p38 MAPK-mediated signalling pathway. <i>NPG Scientific Reports 5(14492)</i>: 12 pp. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep14492\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep14492</a>","BEntID":241911,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>NPG Scientific Reports 5(14492)</i>: 12 pp. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep14492\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep14492</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Pinsino, A.; Russo, R.; Bonaventura, R.; Brunelli, A.; Marcomini, A.; Matranga, V.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Pinsino, A. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs) are one of the most widespread-engineered particles in use for drug delivery, cosmetics, and electronics. However, TiO<sub>2</sub>NP safety is still an open issue, even for ethical reasons. In this work, we investigated the sea urchin <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> immune cell model as a <i>proxy to humans</i>, to elucidate a potential pathway that can be involved in the persistent TiO<sub>2</sub>NP-immune cell interaction <i>in vivo</i>. Morphology, phagocytic ability, changes in activation/inactivation of a few mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK, ERK), variations of other key proteins triggering immune response (Toll-like receptor 4-like, Heat shock protein 70, Interleukin-6) and modifications in the expression of related immune response genes were investigated. Our findings indicate that TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs influence the signal transduction downstream targets of p38 MAPK without eliciting an inflammatory response or other harmful effects on biological functions. We strongly recommend sea urchin immune cells as a new powerful model for nano-safety/nano-toxicity investigations without the ethical normative issue.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Titanium dioxide nanoparticles stimulate sea urchin immune cell phagocytic activity involving TLR/p38 MAPK-mediated signalling pathway","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-05-17 01:32:52.134339","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2015,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-02-13","DateCreate":"2015-10-02","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000361816200002","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1038/srep14492"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":250214,"PubliDate":2015,"Pagination":"12 pp","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"5","Issue":"14492","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":208093,"SerRR":"Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group). 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