{"refrec":{"BRefID":251870,"RR":"Collos, Y.; Bec, B.; Jauzein, C.; Abadie, E.; Laugier, T.; Lautier, J.; Pastoureaud, A.; Souchu, P.; Vaquer, A.<\/b> (2009). Oligotrophication and emergence of picocyanobacteria and a toxic dinoflagellate in Thau lagoon, southern France. J. Sea Res. 61(1-2)<\/i>: 68-75. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seares.2008.05.008<\/a>","BEntID":243567,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". J. Sea Res. 61(1-2)<\/i>: 68-75. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seares.2008.05.008<\/a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Collos, Y.; Bec, B.; Jauzein, C.; Abadie, E.; Laugier, T.; Lautier, J.; Pastoureaud, A.; Souchu, P.; Vaquer, A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Collos, Y. et al.<\/i>","Englishabstract":"Time series data have been examined in Thau lagoon (Southern France) from 1972 to 2006 for water temperature, salinity, nutrients and from 1987 to 2006 for phytoplankton. A first main trend identified is an increase in mean annual water temperature (1.5\u00a0\u00b0C over 33\u00a0years or 0.045\u00a0\u00b0C\/year) that was not evenly distributed among seasons. The highest rate of increase was in the spring (+\u00a03.0\u00a0\u00b0C over 33\u00a0years), followed by summer (+\u00a02.0\u00a0\u00b0C) and fall (+\u00a01.7\u00a0\u00b0C). In winter, no significant increase over the 33\u00a0year period could be found. A second clear trend is a large decrease in soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration over the same 33\u00a0year period (summer values decreased from 10\u00a0\u00b5M to 1\u00a0\u00b5M, while winter values decreased from 3\u00a0\u00b5M to undetectable at present). Nitrate concentrations depended mainly on rainfall events and watershed runoff. Ammonium data were too fragmentary to be useful. N\/P ratios expressed the traditional way of DIN\/SRP cannot be used for phytoplankton that are not strict autotrophs. The recent and almost simultaneous appearance of both picocyanobacteria (mostly Synechococcus<\/em>) and the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella<\/em> in Thau seem to be related to reduced nutrient loading and the increase in water temperature. A. catenella<\/em> blooms occur either in the spring or the fall when water temperature is near 20\u00a0\u00b0C and remains so for several weeks with winds speeds below 2\u20133\u00a0m s\u2212\u00a01<\/sup>. Picocyanobacterial growth is stimulated by increased summer temperatures, and lowered SRP levels provide picocyanobacteria an ecological advantage over other phytoplankton classes, in particular diatoms such as Skeletonema costatum<\/em> whose cell densities have decreased over the last 8\u00a0years in summer and fall, but not in winter. An hypothesis is presented according to which A. catenella<\/em> is not stimulated by increased temperatures, but is able to use picocyanobacteria for growth, and this provides this organism an additional resource over other strictly autotrophic phytoplankton. On a more general level, our data do not support the hypothesis that increased nutrient loading leads to harmful blooms of dinoflagellates. Instead, a combination of habitat disturbance and species displacement seems to lead to such blooms.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Oligotrophication and emergence of picocyanobacteria and a toxic dinoflagellate in Thau lagoon, southern France","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-14 01:32:05.017166","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Long term variability; Oligotrophication; Picocyanobacteria; ","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2009,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-06-23","DateCreate":"2015-12-10","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000263197000009","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016\/j.seares.2008.05.008"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":251870,"PubliDate":2009,"Pagination":"68-75","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"61","Issue":"1-2","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43261,"SerRR":"Journal of Sea Research. 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