{"refrec":{"BRefID":252179,"RR":"<b>Rijstenbil, J.W.; Sandee, A.; Van Drie, J.; Wijnholds, J.A.</b> (1994). Interaction of toxic trace metals and mechanisms of detoxification in the planktonic diatoms <i>Ditylum brightwellii</i> and <i>Thalassiosira pseudonana</i>. <i>FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 14(4)</i>: 387-396. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1994.tb00113.x\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1994.tb00113.x</a>","BEntID":243876,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 14(4)</i>: 387-396. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1994.tb00113.x\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1994.tb00113.x</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":1,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Rijstenbil, J.W.; Sandee, A.; Van Drie, J.; Wijnholds, J.A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Rijstenbil, J.W. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Effects of cadmium (10 nM), copper (80 nM) and zinc (150 nM) additions were studied in the marine diatom <i>Ditylum brightwellii</i> and the riverine diatom <i>Thalassiosira pseudonana</i>. Defense against oxidative stress via cellular thiol (SH) pools and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activation, detoxification via phytochelatins and cell damage were monitored in metal-exposed exponential-phase cells and controls, grown in estuarine medium. Total SH and reduced + oxidized glutathione (GSH + GSSG) in <i>T. pseudonana</i> were much higher than in <i>D. brightwellii</i>. In<i>T. pseudonana</i>, total SH and GSH decreased at 322 nM Zn, and GSH increased at 80 nM Cu but decreased at 119 nM Cu. GSH:GSSG ratios were low, while phytochelatins were not detectable in metal-exposed <i>D. brightwellii</i>. Cd-exposed <i>T. pseudonana</i> made more phytochelatins than Cu-exposed cells, and in different proportions. At 322 nM Zn, SOD activity decreased in <i>T. pseudonana</i>. Zn caused a major, and Cu a minor increase of SOD activity in <i>D. brightwellii</i>; inhibition of photosynthesis was observed in Cu-exposed <i>D. brightwellii</i>, probably due to oxidative damage. The C:N ratios were higher and protein contents lower in Cu-exposed cells of both species, which might indicate excretion due to a loss of cell membrane integrity. From these results, it is hypothesized that <i>T. pseudonana</i> has evolved an effective detoxification mechanism as a result of a more severe exposure to toxic metals in rivers and estuaries. In contrast, <i>D. brightwellii</i>, a marine-estuarine species, cannot adjust well to metal exposure. 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