{"refrec":{"BRefID":252844,"RR":"<b>Brewer, R.H.</b> (1989). The annual pattern of feeding, growth, and sexual reproduction in <i>Cyanea</i> (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) in the Niantic River Estuary, Connecticut. <i>Biol. Bull. 176(3)</i>: 272-281. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1541985\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1541985</a>","BEntID":244658,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Biol. Bull. 176(3)</i>: 272-281. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1541985\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1541985</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":1,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Brewer, R.H.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Brewer, R.H.","Englishabstract":"The seasonal occurrence, population dynamics, feeding, growth, reproduction, and timing of planular deposition was determined for a semelparous annual population of <em>Cyanea</em> medusae in the Niantic River estuary, Connecticut, which was sampled for 14 years. The annual pattern was highly predictable. Their ephyrae appear shortly after ice-out in late February, medusae with gonads occur in late April-early May, and are reproductive (bearing planulae on their oral folds) by late May-early June. At this time (early to mid-June), the medusae deteriorate, disappearing from the plankton in late June-early July. Population size, similarly, exhibits small variation, showing only a 5-fold difference in anbundance. With deterioration, the frequency of feeding medusae declines; otherwise, they are opportunistic  predators on seasonally numerous zooplankton, including fish. Growth shows two phases: first, a three month period of rapid exponential growth when medusae mature; and second, a one and one half month period of decline in average size of individuals as the larger medusae die. Medusae exhibit a sequence of \"organ\" loss prior to death: first, the tentacles, then the oral folds, and last, the gonads. Coincident with the disappearance of these organ-deficient medusae from the water column, their  planulae first appear attached to shells in the benthos. The deterioration of medusae, and in particular the loss of planulae-bearing oral folds, may be requisite for the mass release of their planulae.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"The annual pattern of feeding, growth, and sexual reproduction in <i>Cyanea</i> (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) in the Niantic River Estuary, Connecticut","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-09 01:31:33.344590","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1989,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2016-02-08","DateCreate":"2016-02-08","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:A1989AF03400007","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.2307/1541985"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":252844,"PubliDate":1989,"Pagination":"272-281","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"176","Issue":"3","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42437,"SerRR":"The Biological Bulletin. 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