{"refrec":{"BRefID":253299,"RR":"<b>Piganeau, G.; Vandepoele, K.; Gourbière, S.; Van de Peer, Y.; Moreau, H.</b> (2009). Unravelling <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements in the genome of the smallest photosynthetic Eukaryote: phylogenetic footprinting in <i>Ostreococcus</i>. <i>J. Mol. Evol. 69(3)</i>: 249-259. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00239-009-9271-0\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00239-009-9271-0</a>","BEntID":245112,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>J. Mol. Evol. 69(3)</i>: 249-259. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00239-009-9271-0\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00239-009-9271-0</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Piganeau, G.; Vandepoele, K.; Gourbière, S.; Van de Peer, Y.; Moreau, H.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Piganeau, G. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"We used a phylogenetic footprinting approach, adapted to high levels of divergence, to estimate the level of constraint in intergenic regions of the extremely gene dense <i>Ostreococcus</i> algae genomes (Chlorophyta, Prasinophyceae). We first benchmarked our method against the <i>Saccharomyces</i> sensu stricto genome data and found that the proportion of conserved non-coding sites was consistent with those obtained with methods using calibration by the neutral substitution rate. We then applied our method to the complete genomes of <i>Ostreococcus tauri</i> and <i>O.</i> <i>lucimarinus</i>, which are the most divergent species from the same genus sequenced so far. We found that 77% of intergenic regions in <i>Ostreococcus</i> still contain some phylogenetic footprints, as compared to 88% for <i>Saccharomyces</i>, corresponding to an average rate of constraint on intergenic region of 17% and 30%, respectively. A comparison with some known functional <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements enabled us to investigate whether some transcriptional regulatory pathways were conserved throughout the green lineage. Strikingly, the size of the phylogenetic footprints depends on gene orientation of neighboring genes, and appears to be genus-specific. In <i>Ostreococcus</i>, 5' intergenic regions contain four times more conserved sites than 3' intergenic regions, whereas in yeast a higher frequency of constrained sites in intergenic regions between genes on the same DNA strand suggests a higher frequency of bidirectional regulatory elements. The phylogenetic footprinting approach can be used despite high levels of divergence in the ultrasmall <i>Ostreococcus</i> algae, to decipher structure of constrained regulatory motifs, and identify putative regulatory pathways conserved within the green lineage.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Unravelling <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements in the genome of the smallest photosynthetic Eukaryote: phylogenetic footprinting in <i>Ostreococcus</i>","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-10 01:31:55.553392","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Phylogenetic footprinting Non-coding DNA cis-regulatory elements Saccharomyces Ostreococcus ","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2009,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-02-13","DateCreate":"2016-02-22","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000270179600005","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1007/s00239-009-9271-0"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":253299,"PubliDate":2009,"Pagination":"249-259","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"69","Issue":"3","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":45256,"SerRR":"Journal of Molecular Evolution. 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