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X-ray diffraction, electron probe, and scanning electron microscope analyses indicated that aragonite or Mg-calcite occurred in most axes and holdfasts of 6 families. In marked contrast, amorphous carbonate hydroxylapatite occurred solely in the family Gorgoniidae, which in some species also had Mg-calcite or aragonite in holdfasts. These skeletal minerals appear to be taxonomically controlled. The distinctive morphology of carbonate hydroxylapatite in Gorgoniidae is illustrated by scanning electron micrographs. 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