{"refrec":{"BRefID":25613,"RR":"<b>Werner, I.</b> (2000). Faecal pellet production by Arctic under-ice amphipods: transfer of organic matter through the ice/water interface. <i>Hydrobiologia 426</i>: 89-96. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003984327103\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003984327103</a>","BEntID":25613,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Hydrobiologia 426</i>: 89-96. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003984327103\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003984327103</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Werner, I.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Werner, I.","Englishabstract":"The underside of Arctic sea ice is inhabited by several autochthonous amphipod species (<i>Apherusa glacialis, Onisimus</i> spp., <i>Gammarus wilkitzkii</i>). The amphipods graze on ice-bound organic matter, such as ice algae, detritus and ice fauna, and release faecal pellets into the underlying water column, thus forming a direct link between the sea ice and the pelagic ecosystems. Experiments on faecal pellet production rates showed species-specific differences, which were related to size of the animals. The smallest species, <i>A. glacialis</i>, produced the highest mean number of pellets (15.4 pellets ind.<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>), followed by <i>Onisimus</i> spp. (2.7 pellets ind.<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>) and the largest species, <i>G. wilkitzkii</i> (1.1 pellets ind.<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>). Relative carbon content of the pellets was very similar in all species (21.2-22.6% dry mass). Juvenile amphipods (<i>Onisimus</i> spp., <i>G. wilkitzkii</i>) produced more pellets with less POC than adults. Based on field determinations of the POC concentration in the lowermost 2 cm of the sea ice (mean: 36.4 mg C m<sup>-2</sup>) and mean amphipod abundances (<i>A. glacialis</i>: 33.8 ind. m<sup>-2</sup>, <i>Onisimus</i> spp.: 0.5 ind. m<sup>-2</sup>, <i>G, wilkitzkii</i>: 9.4 ind. m<sup>-2</sup>) in the Greenland Sea in summer 1994, the amount of POC transferred from the ice to the water by faecal pellet production was estimated (0.7 mg C m<sup>-2</sup> d<sup>-1</sup> or almost 2% of ice-bound carbon). Since this process probably takes place in all ice-covered Arctic regions as well as during all seasons, grazing and pellet production by under-ice amphipods contributes significantly to matter flux across the ice/water interface.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Faecal pellet production by Arctic under-ice amphipods: transfer of organic matter through the ice/water interface","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-07-02 08:33:14.980000","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+00:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2000,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2021-02-08","DateCreate":"2002-07-08","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000088580000009","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1023/A:1003984327103"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":25613,"PubliDate":2000,"Pagination":"89-96","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"426","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42943,"SerRR":"Hydrobiologia. Springer: The Hague.  ISSN 0018-8158; e-ISSN 1573-5117","StandardTitleSer":"Hydrobiologia","ISSN":"0018-8158","AbbrevSer":"Hydrobiologia","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":89,"Pages":8,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":[{"XBRefID":53860,"RefStrFull":"<b>Werner, I.</b> (2000). Faecal pellet production by Arctic under-ice amphipods: transfer of organic matter through the ice/water interface, <b><i>in</i></b>: Liebezeit, G. <i>et al.</i> <i>Life at Interfaces and Under Extreme Conditions: Proceedings of the 33rd European Marine Biology Symposium, Wilhelmshaven, Germany, 7-11 September 1998. Developments in Hydrobiology,</i> 151: pp. 89-96. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4148-2_8\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4148-2_8</a>","RelID":4,"RelationY":"Related to","StandardTitle":"Faecal pellet production by Arctic under-ice amphipods: transfer of organic matter through the ice/water interface"}],"addrec":{"Line1":"Wischhofstr. 1-3","Email":"iwerner@ipoe.uni-kiel.de","Line2":null,"EnvName":"Germany"},"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Werner","Firstname":"Iris","Initials":"I.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":25613,"AutID":22939,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":null,"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Springer","City":"The Hague"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Faecal pellets","ThestID":3022,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Excretory products > Faecal pellets"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Ice-water interface","ThestID":4217,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Interfaces > Ice-water interface"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"PN, Arctic","ThestID":186315,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTermPath":"PN, Arctic"}],"thestermsASFA":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Faecal pellets"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Ice-water interface"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"PN, Arctic"}],"taxtermsASFA":[{"TaxTerm":"Amphipoda"},{"TaxTerm":"Apherusa glacialis"},{"TaxTerm":"Gammarus wilkitzkii"},{"TaxTerm":"Onisimus"}],"geotermsASFA":[{"GeoTerm":"Arctic Ocean"}],"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":25613,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":25613,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003984327103","externalID":"10.1023/A:1003984327103","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":89696,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Faecal pellets","ThestID":3022,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Ice-water interface","ThestID":4217,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"PN, Arctic","ThestID":186315,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTypID":34,"ThesType":"ASFA Geoterms"}],"taxterms":[{"TaxTerm":"Amphipoda [amphipods]","AphiaID":1135,"TaxtID":15639},{"TaxTerm":"Apherusa glacialis","AphiaID":102166,"TaxtID":22655},{"TaxTerm":"Gammarus wilkitzkii","AphiaID":102297,"TaxtID":22657},{"TaxTerm":"Onisimus","AphiaID":101631,"TaxtID":22656}],"geoterms":[{"GeoTerm":"Arctic Ocean","GeoObjectID":1906,"GeotID":4602}],"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Faecal pellets","DutchTerm":"Fecale pellets","ThestID":3022,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Ice-water interface","DutchTerm":"Ijs-water interface","ThestID":4217,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"PN, Arctic","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":186315,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTypID":34,"ThesType":"ASFA Geoterms"}],"taxtermsFRIS":[{"TaxTerm":"Amphipoda","DutchTerm":"Vlokreeften","AphiaID":1135,"TaxtID":15639},{"TaxTerm":"Apherusa glacialis","DutchTerm":null,"AphiaID":102166,"TaxtID":22655},{"TaxTerm":"Gammarus wilkitzkii","DutchTerm":null,"AphiaID":102297,"TaxtID":22657},{"TaxTerm":"Onisimus","DutchTerm":null,"AphiaID":101631,"TaxtID":22656}],"geotermsFRIS":[{"GeoTerm":"Arctic Ocean","DutchTerm":"Arctisch"}],"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Haspeslagh, Jan, J.","newSesDate":{"date":"2002-07-08 09:59:23.397000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Bouchti, Zohra, Z.","updSesDate":{"date":"2021-02-08 07:43:38.020000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}