{"refrec":{"BRefID":256310,"RR":"<b>Branstetter, B.K.; Bakhtiari, K.L.; Trickey, J.S.; Finneran, J.J.</b> (2016). Hearing mechanisms and noise metrics related to auditory masking in bottlenose dolphins (<i>Tursiops truncatus</i>), <b><i>in</i></b>: Popper, A.N. <i>et al.</i> <i>The effects of noise on aquatic life II. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology,</i> 875: pp. 109-116. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_13\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_13</a>","BEntID":248319,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":", <b><i>in</i></b>: Popper, A.N. <i>et al.</i> <i>The effects of noise on aquatic life II. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology,</i> 875: pp. 109-116. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_13\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_13</a>","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Branstetter, B.K.; Bakhtiari, K.L.; Trickey, J.S.; Finneran, J.J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Branstetter, B.K. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Odontocete cetaceans are acoustic specialists that depend on sound to hunt, forage, navigate, detect predators, and communicate. Auditory masking from natural and anthropogenic sound sources may adversely affect these fitness-related capabilities. The ability to detect a tone in a broad range of natural, anthropogenic, and synthesized noise was tested with bottlenose dolphins using a psychophysical, band-widening procedure. Diverging masking patterns were found for noise-bandwidths greater than the width of an auditory filter. Despite different noise types having equal-pressure spectral-density levels (95 dB re 1 mu Pa-2/Hz), masked detection threshold differences were as large as 22 dB. Consecutive experiments indicated that noise types with increased levels of amplitude modulation resulted in comodulation masking release due to within-channel and across-channel auditory mechanisms. The degree to which noise types were comodulated (comodulation index) was assessed by calculating the magnitude-squared coherence between the temporal envelope from an auditory filter centered on the signal and temporal envelopes from flanking filters. Statistical models indicate that masked thresholds in a variety of noise types, at a variety of levels, can be explained with metrics related to the comodulation index in addition to the pressure spectral-density level of noise. 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