{"refrec":{"BRefID":256380,"RR":"<b>Fleishman, E.; Streever, B.; Angliss, R.; Clark, C.W.; Ellison, W.T.; Frankel, A.; Gedamke, J.; Leu, M.; McKenna, M.; Racca, R.; Suydam, R.</b> (2016). Current status of development of methods to assess effects of cumulative or aggregated underwater sounds on marine mammals, <b><i>in</i></b>: Popper, A.N. <i>et al.</i> <i>The effects of noise on aquatic life II. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology,</i> 875: pp. 303-311. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_36\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_36</a>","BEntID":248389,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":", <b><i>in</i></b>: Popper, A.N. <i>et al.</i> <i>The effects of noise on aquatic life II. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology,</i> 875: pp. 303-311. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_36\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_36</a>","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Fleishman, E.; Streever, B.; Angliss, R.; Clark, C.W.; Ellison, W.T.; Frankel, A.; Gedamke, J.; Leu, M.; McKenna, M.; Racca, R.; Suydam, R.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Fleishman, E. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"There are no standards for assessment of the cumulative effects of underwater sound. Quantitative assessments typically consider a single source, whereas qualitative assessments may include multiple sources but rarely identify response variables. As a step toward understanding the cumulative effects of underwater sound, we assessed the aggregated sounds of multiple sources received by migrating bowhead whales (<i>Balaena mysticetus</i>). 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