{"refrec":{"BRefID":256690,"RR":"<b>Kiron, V.; Kulkarni, A.; Dahle, D.; Vasanth, G.; Lokesh, J.; Elvebo, O.</b> (2016). Recognition of purified beta 1,3/1,6 glucan and molecular signalling in the intestine of Atlantic salmon. <i>Dev. Comp. Immunol. 56</i>: 57-66. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2015.11.007\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2015.11.007</a>","BEntID":248699,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Dev. Comp. Immunol. 56</i>: 57-66. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2015.11.007\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2015.11.007</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Kiron, V.; Kulkarni, A.; Dahle, D.; Vasanth, G.; Lokesh, J.; Elvebo, O.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Kiron, V. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Atlantic salmon was orally intubated with a highly purified ß-glucan product (MacroGard<sup>®</sup>) to study the recognition of the molecule by the receptor genes, the regulation of the downstream signalling genes and global proteins, and the micromorphological changes in the intestine. The ß-glucan receptor genes of Atlantic salmon, <i>sclra</i>, <i>sclrb, sclrc</i> and <i>cr3</i>, seem to recognize the molecule, and initiate the downstream ITAM-motif signalling, as evident from the significantly high mRNA levels of <i>ksyk, mapkin2, il1b</i> and <i>mip2a</i> levels. Among the altered proteins, the Apoa4 (involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism); Tagln, Actb (uptake of ß-glucan); Psma2 (associated with substrate recognition); and Ckt (energy metabolism-related) were the overexpressed ones. The underexpressed proteins included the Uk114, Rpl9, Ctsb and Lgal that are connected to proliferation, LPS-stimulation, Il1b and lactose recognition, respectively. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of <i>igt</i> and the number of immune cells in the distal intestine were found to increase upon ß-glucan uptake by the fish. 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