{"refrec":{"BRefID":257669,"RR":"<b>Ruwandeepika, H.; Defoirdt, T.; Bhowmick, P.; Karunasagar, I.; Bossier, P.</b> (2011). Expression of virulence genes in luminescent and nonluminescent isogenic vibrios and virulence towards gnotobiotic brine shrimp (<i>Artemia franciscana</i>). <i>J. Appl. Microbiol. 110(2)</i>: 399-406. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04892.x\" target=\"_blank\">dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04892.x</a>","BEntID":249679,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>J. Appl. Microbiol. 110(2)</i>: 399-406. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04892.x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04892.x</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Ruwandeepika, H.; Defoirdt, T.; Bhowmick, P.; Karunasagar, I.; Bossier, P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Ruwandeepika, H. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of virulence gene regulators (<i>luxR</i> and <i>toxR</i>) and virulence factors (serine protease, metalloprotease and haemolysin) in luminescent and nonluminescent isogenic <i>Vibrio harveyi</i> and <i>Vibrio campbellii</i>.Method and Results: Nonluminescent variants have been reported before to become dominant in cultures of luminescent vibrios when grown under static conditions in the dark. Wild-type <i>V. harveyi</i> BB120, <i>V. campbellii</i> LMG 21363, quorum sensing mutants of <i>V. harveyi</i> BB120 and their previously reported nonluminescent isogenic counterparts were used in this study. The expression level of the virulence genes <i>srp</i> serine protease, <i>vhp</i> metalloprotease and <i>vhh</i> haemolysin, the quorum sensing master regulator gene <i>luxR</i> and the virulence regulator gene <i>toxR</i> in isogenic luminescent and nonluminescent strains were quantified using reverse transcriptase real-time PCR. These experiments revealed that the nonluminescent strains produced lower levels of the quorum sensing master regulator gene <i>luxR</i> and the <i>vhp</i> metalloprotease gene (which is known to be regulated by quorum sensing). Finally, challenge tests with gnotobiotic brine shrimp (<i>Artemia franciscana</i>) larvae revealed that the nonluminescent strains are less virulent than their luminescent isogenic counterparts.Conclusion: Nonluminescent variants of <i>V. harveyi</i> and <i>V. campbellii</i> strains produce lower levels of the quorum sensing master regulator gene <i>luxR</i> and the <i>vhp</i> metalloprotease gene and are less virulent to brine shrimp than their isogenic luminescent counterparts.Significance and Impact of the study: These results indicate that adaptation of luminescent vibrios to specific growth conditions that result in a dominant nonluminescent phenotype is accompanied by a decreased adaptation to a host environment because of altered virulence gene regulation.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Expression of virulence genes in luminescent and nonluminescent isogenic vibrios and virulence towards gnotobiotic brine shrimp (<i>Artemia franciscana</i>)","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"gene expression; quorum sensing; virulence","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2011,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2016-06-08","DateCreate":"2016-05-29","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000285972900003","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04892.x"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":257669,"PubliDate":2011,"Pagination":"399-406","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"110","Issue":"2","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":45067,"SerRR":"Journal of Applied Microbiology. Blackwell Science: Oxford.  ISSN 1364-5072; e-ISSN 1365-2672","StandardTitleSer":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","ISSN":"1364-5072","AbbrevSer":"J. Appl. 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