{"refrec":{"BRefID":257934,"RR":"<b>Gruber, N; Gloor, M; Fletcher, M; Doney, C; Dutkiewicz, S; Follows, J; Gerber, M; Jacobson, R; Joos, F; Lindsay, K; Menemenlis, D; Mouchet, A.; Muller, A; Sarmiento, L; Takahashi, T</b> (2009). Oceanic sources, sinks, and transport of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>. <i>Global Biogeochem. Cycles 23(1)</i>: 21 pp. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003349\" target=\"_blank\">dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003349</a>","BEntID":249944,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Global Biogeochem. Cycles 23(1)</i>: 21 pp. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003349\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003349</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Gruber, N; Gloor, M; Fletcher, M; Doney, C; Dutkiewicz, S; Follows, J; Gerber, M; Jacobson, R; Joos, F; Lindsay, K; Menemenlis, D; Mouchet, A.; Muller, A; Sarmiento, L; Takahashi, T","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Gruber, N <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"We synthesize estimates of the contemporary net air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> flux on the basis of an inversion of interior ocean carbon observations using a suite of 10 ocean general circulation models (Mikaloff Fletcher et al., 2006, 2007) and compare them to estimates based on a new climatology of the air-sea difference of the partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> (<i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>) (Takahashi et al., 2008). These two independent flux estimates reveal a consistent description of the regional distribution of annual mean sources and sinks of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> for the decade of the 1990s and the early 2000s with differences at the regional level of generally less than 0.1 Pg C a<sup>-1</sup>. This distribution is characterized by outgassing in the tropics, uptake in midlatitudes, and comparatively small fluxes in thehigh latitudes. Both estimates point toward a small (~ -0.3 Pg C a<sup>-1</sup>) contemporary CO<sub>2</sub> sink in the Southern Ocean (south of 44°S), a result of the near cancellation between a substantial outgassing of natural CO<sub>2</sub> and a strong uptake of anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub>. A notable exception in the generally good agreement between the two estimates exists within the Southern Ocean: the ocean inversion suggests a relatively uniform uptake, while the <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>-based estimate suggests strong uptake in the region between 58°S and 44°S, and a source in the region south of 58°S. Globally and for a nominal period between 1995 and 2000, the contemporary net air-sea flux of CO<sub>2</sub> is estimated to be -1.7 ± 0.4 Pg C a<sup>-1</sup> (inversion) and -1.4 ± 0.7 Pg C a<sup>-1</sup> (<i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>-climatology), respectively, consisting of an outgassing flux of river-derived carbon of ~+0.5 Pg C a<sup>-1</sup>, and an uptake flux of anthropogenic carbon of -2.2 ± 0.3 Pg C a<sup>-1</sup> (inversion) and -1.9 ± 0.7 Pg C a<sup>-1</sup> (<i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>-climatology). The two flux estimates also imply a consistent description of the contemporary meridional transport of carbon with southward ocean transport throughout most of the Atlantic basin, and strong equatorward convergence in the Indo-Pacific basins. Both transport estimates suggest a small hemispheric asymmetry with a southward transport of between -0.2 and -0.3 Pg C a<sup>-1</sup> across the equator. While the convergence of these two independent estimates is encouraging and suggests that it is now possible to provide relatively tight constraints for the net air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes at the regional basis, both studies are limited by their lack of consideration of long-term changes in the ocean carbon cycle, such as the recent possible stalling in the expected growth of the Southern Ocean carbon sink.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Oceanic sources, sinks, and transport of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2009,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2016-06-02","DateCreate":"2016-05-29","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000263611600003","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1029/2008GB003349"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":257934,"PubliDate":2009,"Pagination":"21 pp","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"23","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":45841,"SerRR":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 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