{"refrec":{"BRefID":260441,"RR":"<b>Shamsi, S.; Suthar, J.</b> (2016). Occurrence of <i>Terranova</i> larval types (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Australian marine fish with comments on their specific identities. <i>PeerJ 4</i>: e1722. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1722\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1722</a>","BEntID":252459,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>PeerJ 4</i>: e1722. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1722\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1722</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Shamsi, S.; Suthar, J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Shamsi, S.; Suthar, J.","Englishabstract":"Pseudoterranovosis is a well-known human disease caused by anisakid larvae belonging to the genus <i>Pseudoterranova</i>. Human infection occurs after consuming infected fish. Hence the presence of <i>Pseudoterranova</i> larvae in the flesh of the fish can cause serious losses and problems for the seafood, fishing and fisheries industries. The accurate identification of <i>Pseudoterranova</i> larvae in fish is important, but challenging because the larval stages of a number of different genera, including <i>Pseudoterranova</i>, <i>Terranova</i> and <i>Pulchrascaris</i>, look similar and cannot be differentiated from each other using morphological criteria, hence they are all referred to as <i>Terranova</i> larval type. Given that <i>Terranova</i> larval types in seafood are not necessarily <i>Pseudoterranova</i> and may not be dangerous, the aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of <i>Terranova</i> larval types in Australian marine fish and to determine their specific identity. A total of 137 fish belonging to 45 species were examined. <i>Terranova</i> larval types were found in 13 species, some of which were popular edible fish in Australia. The sequences of the first and second internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1 and ITS-2 respectively) of the <i>Terranova</i> larvae in the present study showed a high degree of similarity suggesting that they all belong to the same species. Due to the lack of a comparable sequence data of a well identified adult in the GenBank database the specific identity of <i>Terranova</i> larval type in the present study remains unknown. The sequence of the ITS regions of the <i>Terranova</i> larval type in the present study and those of <i>Pseudoterranova</i> spp. available in GenBank are significantly different, suggesting that larvae found in the present study do not belong to the genus <i>Pseudoterranova</i>, which is zoonotic. This study does not rule out the presence of <i>Pseudoterranova</i> larvae in Australian fish as <i>Pseudoterranova decipiens E</i> has been reported in adult form from seals in Antarctica and it is known that they have seasonal presence in Australian southern coasts. The genetic distinction of <i>Terranova</i> larval type in the present study from <i>Pseudoterranova</i> spp. along with the presence of more species of elasmobranchs in Australian waters (definitive hosts of <i>Terranova</i> spp. and <i>Pulchrascaris</i> spp.) than seals (definitive hosts of <i>Pseudoterranova</i> spp.) suggest that <i>Terranova</i> larval type in the present study belong to either genus <i>Terranova</i> or <i>Pulchrascaris</i>, which are not known to cause disease in humans. The present study provides essential information that could be helpful to identify Australian <i>Terranova</i> larval types in future studies. Examination and characterisation of further specimens, especially adults of <i>Terranova</i> and <i>Pulchrascaris</i>, is necessary to fully elucidate the identity of these larvae.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Occurrence of <i>Terranova</i> larval types (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Australian marine fish with comments on their specific identities","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Anisakidae; Terranova; Taxonomy","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2016,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-02-13","DateCreate":"2016-07-18","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000372578300002","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.7717/peerj.1722"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":260441,"PubliDate":2016,"Pagination":"e1722","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"4","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":242055,"SerRR":"PeerJ. 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