{"refrec":{"BRefID":262024,"RR":"<b>Temara, A.; De Ridder, C.; Kuenen, J.G.; Robertson, L.A.</b> (1993). Sulfide-oxidizing bacteria in the burrowing echinoid, <i>Echinocardium cordatum</i> (Echinodermata). <i>Mar. Biol. (Berl.) 115(2)</i>: 179-185. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346333\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346333</a>","BEntID":254043,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Mar. Biol. (Berl.) 115(2)</i>: 179-185. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346333\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346333</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Temara, A.; De Ridder, C.; Kuenen, J.G.; Robertson, L.A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Temara, A. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Symbiotic filamentous bacteria thrive in the intestinal caecum of the deposit-feeding echinoid <i>Echinocardium cordatum</i>. Specimens of <i>E. cordatum</i> were collected at Wimereux (Nord Pas-de-Calais, France) in 1991. Their symbiotic bacteria build nodules by forming multilayered mats around detrital particles that enter the caecum. The morphological features of the bacteria are those of <i>Thiothrix</i>, a sulfide-oxidizing genus. The filaments, which may form rosettes, are sheathed and made by a succession of hundreds of rod-shaped bacteria which store elemental sulfur in the presence of external sulfide. Live bacteria are restricted to the outer layers of the nodules. Their sulfide-oxidizing activity was investigated, using a Biological Oxygen Monitor, by measuring the O<sub>2</sub>-consumption when reduced sulfur compounds are provided. They oxidize thiosulfate and sulfide. Optimal sulfide oxidation occurs at intermediary pO<sub>2</sub> (100 to 160 μ<i>M</i> O<sub>2</sub>l<sup>-1</sup>). Spectrophotometry has confirmed that the sulfur content of the filamentous symbiotic sulfideoxidizing bacteria depends on the presence of external sulfide. This is the first report of symbiotic intradigestive <i>Thiothrix</i>spp.-like bacteria; it lengthens the list of symbioses between sulfide-oxidizing bacteria and invertebrates from sulfide-rich habitats.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Sulfide-oxidizing bacteria in the burrowing echinoid, <i>Echinocardium cordatum</i> (Echinodermata)","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-10 01:32:02.507094","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1993,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2019-08-16","DateCreate":"2016-10-03","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:A1993KV27700002","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1007/BF00346333"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":262024,"PubliDate":1993,"Pagination":"179-185","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"115","Issue":"2","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43352,"SerRR":"Marine Biology: International Journal on Life in Oceans and Coastal Waters. 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