A. Les Inondations dans le bassin de l'Escaut maritime
Les niveaux maxima enregistrés lors du \"surge\" météorologique ont confirmé l'estimation qui tendait à octroyer aux niveaux de 1953 les plus hautes valeurs atteintes depuis plus d'un siècle. Les niveaux les plus élevés coïncidèrent généralement avec la deuxième marée en vives eaux et se produisirent durant la nuit du 1er février 1953.
Après avoir examiné les différences qui séparent les cours d'eau subsidiaires du tronçon principal (Escaut de Bath à Tielrode, Rupel), on constate que le niveau maximum a généralement été atteint plus tard à Anvers et plus tot que prévu sur les cours du Rupel, de la Dyle et de la Nèthe. Vient ensuite la comparaison des niveaux en vives eaux attendus (pour la marée astronomique) et obtenus (suite au \"surge\" météorologique). L'observation attentive des courbes respectives de la marée astronomique et du \"surge\" météorologique nous apprend quelques détails importants.
Les plus hautes cotes de tempête ont été observées sur l'Escaut, en amont de Bath jusque dans la région de Tamise (Tielrode) , sur le Rupel, sur la Nèthe et sur la Dyle. Les régions avoisinant ces cours d'eau ont précisément été celles qui furent les plus durement touchées par les inondations. Plusieurs brêches, occasionnées dans les digues, se creusèrent jusqu'en dessous du niveau des basses eaux. Pareilles brèches se formèrent à Wintham (Hingene), Niel, Walem, Battel (Malines) , Rupelmonde, Pijp Tabak (Zwijndrecht) , Kallo, Lillo, Fort Frédéric (Berendrecht) et Zandvliet. La région de Termonde fut aussi fortement éprouvée (Grembergen, Het Keur, Vlassenbroek). Une carte indique la répartition des régions inondées en Belgique au lendemain de la tempête du 1er février 1953.
B. Les conséquences de la tempète à la côte belge
Le niveau maximum enregistré à Ostende fut atteint durant la nuit du 1er février quelque deux heures après l'heure de marée en vives eaux attendue. Ce retard, valable pour toute la côte belge, est analogue à celui constaté dans le Pas de Calais (Douvres) et s'oppose aux heures de niveau maximum en avance constatées le long des côtes zélandaises et hollandaises.
Le surplus de niveau occasionné par les effets du \"surge\" météorologique était de l'ordre de deux mètres (Ostende) et n'a jamais atteint les niveaux rencontrés le long de la côte néerlandaise. Les côtes flamandes ont donc nettement profité de circonstances atténuantes. La plupart des inondations furent de caractère localisé et généralement une conséquence de l'existence de certains chenaux artificiels et de points faibles dans le cordon des dunes. Ainsi p.ex. 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