{"refrec":{"BRefID":27254,"RR":"<b>Flach, E.C.</b> (1996). The influence of the cockle, <i>Cerastoderma edule</i>, on the macrozoobenthic community of tidal flats in the Wadden Sea, <b><i>in</i></b>: Dworschak, P.C. <i>et al.</i> <i>Influences of organisms on their Environment, the role of episodic events: Proceedings of the 29th European Marine Biology Symposium Vienna, 29 August-2 September 1994. Marine Ecology (Berlin),</i> 17(1-3): pp. 87-98. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.1996.tb00492.x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.1996.tb00492.x</a>","BEntID":27254,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":", <b><i>in</i></b>: Dworschak, P.C. <i>et al.</i> <i>Influences of organisms on their environment, the role of episodic events: Proceedings of the 29th European Marine Biology Symposium Vienna, 29 August-2 September 1994. European Marine Biology Symposia,</i> 29: pp. 87-98. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.1996.tb00492.x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.1996.tb00492.x</a>","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Flach, E.C.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Flach, E.C.","Englishabstract":"The cockle <i>Cerastoderma edule</i> is one of the large and important species of the tidal flats of the Wadden Sea. <i>C. edule</i> disturbs the upper sediment layer due to its crawling and \"shaking\" behaviour. About 7 % of a cockle population move within one week. The mean distance of movement is ~4 cm per week, which, in the case of a 2-year-old cockle with a length of ~3 cm, , means that ~20 cm<sup>2</sup> of sediment is disturbed to a depth of ~3 cm. Besides these measurable movements, cockles also regularly \"shake\" themselves, thereby disturbing the sediment around them to at least ~0.5 cm. At a density of 500 cockles per m<sup>2</sup> of a mean length of 3 cm, ~16% of the sediment surface is occupied by cockles and another ~29% is disturbed by cockles within one week. To study the effects of cockles on recruitment of other benthic species, densities of 0, 125, 250, 375 and 500 cockles (mean length 3 or 3.5 cm) were added to l-m<sup>2</sup> plots within large depopulated squares in April. Subsequently, sediment samples were sieved once a month (from June to September) and the densities of all macrozoobenthic species were estimated. The presence of cockles significantly reduced the densities of juveniles of the bivalve species <i>C. edule, Macoma balthica, Mya arenaria, Tellina (Angulus) tenuis</i>, and <i>Ensis directus</i> and of the worm species <i>Pygospio elegans, Lanice conchilega, Eteone longa, Anaitides</i> spec, <i>Nephtys hombergii, Heteromasrus filiformis, Scoloplos armiger</i>, and <i>Tharyx marioni</i> and of the amphipods <i>Corophium volutator</i> and <i>C. arenarium</i>. Non-significant effects were found only in <i>Capitella capitata</i> and <i>Nereis diversicolor</i>. For all species mentioned above a negative effect was already observed at the lower cockle densities of 125-250 per m<sup>2</sup>. Reductions of about 50% or more were found at densities of 500 per m<sup>2</sup>, which was more than could be expected based on the area occupied by the cockles (~16%), but close to the area occupied plus disturbed (~45%). It is concluded that (dense) assemblages of adult cockles can have a strong influence on the macrozoobenthic community.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AMS","StandardTitle":"The influence of the cockle, <i>Cerastoderma edule</i>, on the macrozoobenthic community of tidal flats in the Wadden Sea","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-07-02 08:33:14.980000","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+00:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1996,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2023-02-09","DateCreate":"2002-09-18","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":0,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:A1996VL82400008","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1111/j.1439-0485.1996.tb00492.x"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":27254,"PubliDate":1996,"Pagination":"87-98","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"29","Issue":null,"BRefMon":24869,"BRefMonRR":"<b>Dworschak, P.C.; Stachowitsch, M.; Ott, J.A. (Ed.)</b> (1996). Influences of organisms on their environment, the role of episodic events: Proceedings of the 29th European Marine Biology Symposium Vienna, 29 August-2 September 1994. <i>European Marine Biology Symposia</i>, 29. <i>Marine Ecology (Berlin)</i>, 17(1-3). 568 pp.","BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":20275,"SerRR":"European Marine Biology Symposia.","StandardTitleSer":"European Marine Biology Symposia","ISSN":null,"AbbrevSer":null,"StandardTitleMon":"Influences of organisms on their environment, the role of episodic events: Proceedings of the 29th European Marine Biology Symposium Vienna, 29 August-2 September 1994","StartPage":87,"Pages":12,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"MS","SerNotes":null,"AutString":"Dworschak, P.C.; Stachowitsch, M.; Ott, J.A. 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