{"refrec":{"BRefID":27589,"RR":"<b>Custodio, E.; Pascual, M.; Bayo, A.; Bosch, X.</b> (1989). Processes in the mixing zone in carbonate formations: central and southern Catalonia. <i>Natuurwet. Tijdschr. 70(1-4)</i>: 263-277","BEntID":27589,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Natuurwet. Tijdschr. 70(1-4)</i>: 263-277","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Custodio, E.; Pascual, M.; Bayo, A.; Bosch, X.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Custodio, E. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Hydraulic-conductivity heterogeneities in coastal carbonate formations affect the form and behaviour of the mixing zone as observed along fully screened boreholes. The downward increase in salinity shows conspicuous changes in vertical salinity gradients that are found at the same depth over repeated logs. Salinity logs from some studies carried out in two areas will be discussed. One of them is in the southern portion of the Garraf Massif and the other in the Vandellos Massif, this last involving two subareas, one in dolomites and the other in a small, thick alluvial fan deposit. The changes in vertical salinity gradients reflect changes of permeability inside the mixing zone. They are produced by the borehole itself. Low vertical salinity gradients are associated with low-permeability stretches, but exceptions can be found. Some permeable stretches may not show when they produce upwards and downwards flows. 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