{"refrec":{"BRefID":280671,"RR":"<b>Delroisse, J.; Ullrich-Lüter, E.; Ortega-Martinez, O.; Dupont, S.; Arnone, M.-I.; Mallefet, J.; Flammang, P.</b> (2014). High opsin diversity in a non-visual infaunal brittle star. <i>BMC Genom. 15</i>. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-15-1035\" target=\"_blank\">dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-15-1035</a>","BEntID":272690,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>BMC Genom. 15</i>. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-15-1035\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-15-1035</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Delroisse, J.; Ullrich-Lüter, E.; Ortega-Martinez, O.; Dupont, S.; Arnone, M.-I.; Mallefet, J.; Flammang, P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Delroisse, J. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"BackgroundIn metazoans, opsins are photosensitive proteins involved in both vision and non-visual photoreception. Echinoderms have no well-defined eyes but several opsin genes were found in the purple sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>) genome. Molecular data are lacking for other echinoderm classes although many species are known to be light sensitive.ResultsIn this study focused on the European brittle star <i>Amphiura filiformis</i>, we first highlighted a blue-green light sensitivity using a behavioural approach. We then identified 13 new putative opsin genes against eight <i>bona fide</i> opsin genes in the genome of <i>S. purpuratus</i>. Six opsins were included in the rhabdomeric opsin group (r-opsins). In addition, one putative ciliary opsin (c-opsin), showing high similarity with the c-opsin of <i>S. purpuratus</i> (Sp-opsin 1), one Go opsin similar to Sp-opsins 3.1 and 3.2, two basal-branch opsins similar to Sp-opsins 2 and 5, and two neuropsins similar to Sp-opsin 8, were identified. Finally, two sequences from one putative RGR opsin similar to Sp-opsin 7 were also detected. Adult arm transcriptome analysis pinpointed opsin mRNAs corresponding to one r-opsin, one neuropsin and the homologue of Sp-opsin 2. Opsin phylogeny was determined by maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. Using antibodies designed against c- and r-opsins from <i>S. purpuratus</i>, we detected putative photoreceptor cells mainly in spines and tube feet of <i>A. filiformis</i>, respectively. The r-opsin expression pattern is similar to the one reported in <i>S. purpuratus</i> with cells labelled at the tip and at the base of the tube feet. In addition, r-opsin positive cells were also identified in the radial nerve of the arm. C-opsins positive cells, expressed in pedicellariae, spines, tube feet and epidermis in <i>S. purpuratus</i> were observed at the level of the spine stroma in the brittle star.ConclusionLight perception in <i>A. filiformis</i> seems to be mediated by opsins (c- and r-) in, at least, spines, tube feet and in the radial nerve cord. Other non-visual opsin types could participate to the light perception process indicating a complex expression pattern of opsins in this infaunal brittle star.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"High opsin diversity in a non-visual infaunal brittle star","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Opsin; Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea; Photoreception; Genome; Transcriptome","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2014,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2016-10-20","DateCreate":"2016-10-09","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000347568000001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1186/1471-2164-15-1035"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":280671,"PubliDate":2014,"Pagination":null,"XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"15","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":198247,"SerRR":"BMC Genomics. 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