{"refrec":{"BRefID":280869,"RR":"<b>Rahman, M.M.; Escobedo-Bonilla, C.M.; Corteel, M.; Dantas-Lima, J.J.; Wille, M.; Sanz, V.A.; Pensaert, M.B.; Sorgeloos, P.; Nauwynck, H.J.</b> (2006). Effect of high water temperature (33 °C) on the clinical and virological outcome of experimental infections with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in specific pathogen-free (SPF) <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>. <i>Aquaculture 261(3)</i>: 842-849. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.09.007\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.09.007</a>","BEntID":272888,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquaculture 261(3)</i>: 842-849. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.09.007\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.09.007</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Rahman, M.M.; Escobedo-Bonilla, C.M.; Corteel, M.; Dantas-Lima, J.J.; Wille, M.; Sanz, V.A.; Pensaert, M.B.; Sorgeloos, P.; Nauwynck, H.J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Rahman, M.M. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most lethal pathogen of cultured shrimp. Previous studies done with undefined WSSV titers showed that high water temperature (32–33 °C) reduced/delayed mortality of WSSV-infected shrimp. This study evaluated the effect of high water temperature on the clinical and virological outcome of a WSSV infection under standardized conditions. Groups of specific pathogen-free <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> were challenged either by intramuscular or oral routes with a low (30 SID<sub>50</sub>) or a high (10,000 SID<sub>50</sub>) virus titer. Shrimp were kept (i) continuously at 27 °C, (ii) 30 °C or (iii) 33 °C; (iv) maintained at 33 °C before challenge and 27 °C afterwards, or (v) kept at 27 °C before challenge and 33 °C afterwards. Shrimp were maintained at the respective temperatures for 120 h before challenge and 120–144 h post challenge (hpc). Gross signs and mortality were monitored every 12 h until the end of the experiment. Dead and surviving shrimp were screened for WSSV infection (VP28-positive cells) by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). Shrimp kept continuously at 27 °C or 30 °C, or switched to 27 °C post challenge developed gross signs within 24 hpc, first mortalities at 36–60 hpc and 100% cumulative mortality between 60 and 144 hpc depending on the virus titer. All dead shrimp were WSSV-positive. In contrast, shrimp kept at 33 °C continuously or after WSSV challenge showed no signs of disease and low mortalities (0–30%) regardless of the virus titer. Dead and surviving shrimp were WSSV-negative. Further, early virus replication was studied in two groups of shrimp: one maintained at 27 °C before and after challenge and one switched from 27 °C to 33 °C after challenge with 10,000 SID<sub>50</sub>. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis showed that WSSV-positive cells were first displayed at 12 hpc in shrimp kept at 27 °C and by 24 hpc the infection became systemic. In contrast, shrimp kept at 33 °C did not display WSSV-positive cells at 12 or 24 hpc. This work confirms previous reports that high water temperature prevents the onset of disease and significantly reduces mortality of WSSV-inoculated shrimp regardless of the route of inoculation or virus titer used. This strategy may have practical applications to control WSSV in tropical shrimp farming countries.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Effect of high water temperature (33 °C) on the clinical and virological outcome of experimental infections with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in specific pathogen-free (SPF) <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"WSSV replication; VP28; water temperature; Litopenaeus vannamei; SPF","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2006,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2022-05-10","DateCreate":"2016-10-09","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000242469100002","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.09.007"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":280869,"PubliDate":2006,"Pagination":"842-849","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"261","Issue":"3","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42190,"SerRR":"Aquaculture. 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