{"refrec":{"BRefID":280885,"RR":"<b>Richelle-Maurer, E.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Itskovich, V.B.; Manuel, M.; Pomponi, S.A.; Van de Vyver, G.; Borchiellini, C.</b> (2006). Conservation and phylogeny of a novel family of non-<i>Hox</i> genes of the <i>Antp</i> class in Demospongiae (Porifera). <i>J. Mol. Evol. 63(2)</i>: 222-230. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00239-005-0294-x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00239-005-0294-x</a>","BEntID":272904,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>J. Mol. Evol. 63(2)</i>: 222-230. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00239-005-0294-x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00239-005-0294-x</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Richelle-Maurer, E.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Itskovich, V.B.; Manuel, M.; Pomponi, S.A.; Van de Vyver, G.; Borchiellini, C.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Richelle-Maurer, E. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"A survey across the most basal animal phylum, the Porifera, for the presence of homeobox-containing genes led to the isolation of 24 partial or complete homeobox sequences from 21 sponge species distributed in 15 families and 6 orders of Demospongiae. All the new sequences shared a high identity/similarity with <i>EmH-3</i> (<i>Ephydatia muelleri</i>), a non-<i>Hox</i> gene from the <i>Antp</i> class. The Demox sequences, <i>EmH-3</i>, and related homeodomains formed a well-supported clade with no true affinity with any known bilaterian family, including the Tlx/Hox11 family, suggesting that the <i>EmH-3</i> family of genes, comprising 31 members, represents a novel family of non-<i>Hox</i> genes, called the Demox family, widespread among Demospongiae. The presence of the Tlx/Hox11 specific signature in the Demox family and common regulatory elements suggested that the Demox and Tlx/Hox11 families are closely related. In the phylogenetic analyses, freshwater Haplosclerida appeared as monophyletic, and Haplosclerida and Halichondrida as polyphyletic, with a clade comprising <i>Agelas</i> species and <i>Axinella corrugata</i>. As for their expression, high levels of Demox transcripts were found in adult tissues. 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