{"refrec":{"BRefID":282402,"RR":"<b>Wayland, M.T.; Vainio, J.K.; Gibson, D.I.; Herniou, E.A.; Littlewood, D.T.J.; Väinölä, R.</b> (2015). The systematics of <i>Echinorhynchus</i> Zoega in Müller, 1776 (Acanthocephala, Echinorhynchidae) elucidated by nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data from eight European taxa. <i>ZooKeys 484(484)</i>: 25-52. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.484.9132\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.484.9132</a>","BEntID":274421,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>ZooKeys 484(484)</i>: 25-52. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.484.9132\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.484.9132</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Wayland, M.T.; Vainio, J.K.; Gibson, D.I.; Herniou, E.A.; Littlewood, D.T.J.; Väinölä, R.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Wayland, M.T. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The acanthocephalan genus <i>Echinorhynchus</i> Zoega in Müller, 1776 (<i>sensu</i> Yamaguti 1963) is a large and widespread group of parasites of teleost fish and malacostracan crustaceans, distributed from the Arctic to the Antarctic in habitats ranging from freshwaters to the deep-sea. A total of 52 species are currently recognised based on the conventional morphological species concept; however, the true diversity in the genus is masked by cryptic speciation. The considerable diversity within <i>Echinorhynchus</i> is an argument for subdividing the genus if monophyletic groups with supporting morphological characters can be identified. With this objective in mind, partial sequences of two genes with different rates of evolution and patterns of inheritance (nuclear 28S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) were used to infer the phylogenetic relationships among eight taxa of <i>Echinorhynchus</i>. These included representatives of each of three genus group taxa proposed in a controversial revision of the genus based on cement gland pattern, namely <i>Echinorhynchus</i> (<i>sensu stricto</i>), <i>Metechinorhynchus</i> Petrochenko, 1956 and <i>Pseudoechinorhynchus</i> Petrochenko, 1956. These groupings have previously been rejected by some authorities, because the diagnostic character is poorly defined; this study shows that <i>Echinorhynchus</i> (<i>sensu stricto</i>) and <i>Metechinorhynchus</i> are not natural, monophyletic groups. A revision of <i>Echinorhynchus</i> will require tandem molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses of a larger sample of taxa, but this study has identified two morhological characters that might potentially be used to define new genera. The estimated phylogeny also provides insight into the zoogeographical history of <i>Echinorhynchus</i> spp. We postulate that the ancestral <i>Echinorhynchus</i> had a freshwater origin and the genus subsequently invaded the sea, probably several times. The freshwater taxa of the <i>E. bothniensis</i> Zdzitowiecki & Valtonen, 1987 clade may represent a reinvasion of freshwater by one or more ancestral marine species.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"The systematics of <i>Echinorhynchus</i> Zoega in Müller, 1776 (Acanthocephala, Echinorhynchidae) elucidated by nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data from eight European taxa","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Acanthocephala, Echinorhynchus bothniensis, Echinorhynchus brayi, Echinorhynchus cinctulus, Echinorhynchus gadi, Echinorhynchus salmonis, Echinorhynchus truttae, Acanthocephalus lucii, phylogeny, molecular phylogeny, taxonomy, parasite, systematics, zoogeography","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2015,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-02-13","DateCreate":"2017-01-09","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000350341900003","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.3897/zookeys.484.9132"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":282402,"PubliDate":2015,"Pagination":"25-52","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"484","Issue":"484","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":188760,"SerRR":"ZooKeys. 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