{"refrec":{"BRefID":283763,"RR":"<b>Situmorang, M.L.; Dierckens, K.; Mlingi, F.T.; Van Delsen, B.; Bossier, P.</b> (2014). Development of a bacterial challenge test for gnotobiotic Nile tilapia <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> larvae. <i>Dis. Aquat. Org. 109(1)</i>: 23-33. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02721\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02721</a>","BEntID":275781,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Dis. Aquat. Org. 109(1)</i>: 23-33. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02721\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02721</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Situmorang, M.L.; Dierckens, K.; Mlingi, F.T.; Van Delsen, B.; Bossier, P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Situmorang, M.L. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Gastrointestinal microbiota have an important impact on fish health and disease, stimulating interest in a better understanding of how these gastrointestinal microbial communities are composed and consequently affect host fitness. In this respect, probiotic microorganisms have been extensively used in recent aquaculture production. To study the use of probiotics in the treatment of infectious diseases, the establishment of a method of experimental infection to obtain consistent results for mortality and infection in challenge tests is important. In pathogen-screening tests, 4 candidate pathogenic bacteria strains (<i>Edwardsiella ictaluri</i> gly09, <i>E. ictaluri</i> gly10, <i>E. tarda</i> LMG2793 and <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> LMG15977) were individually tested on xenic Nile tilapia larvae. Only <i>Edwardsiella</i> strains delivered via <i>Artemia</i> nauplii, with or without additional pathogen delivery via the culture water, led to increased mortality in fish larvae. A gnotobiotic Nile tilapia larvae model system was developed to provide a research tool to investigate the effects and modes-of-action of probiotics under controlled conditions. A double disinfection procedure using hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite solution was applied to the fish eggs, which were subsequently incubated in a cocktail of antibiotic and antifungal agents. In the gnotobiotic challenge test, <i>E. ictaluri</i> gly09R was added to the model system via <i>Artemia</i> nauplii and culture water, resulting in a significant mortality of the gnotobiotic fish larvae. The developed gnotobiotic Nile tilapia model can be used as a tool to extend understanding of the mechanisms involved in host-microbe interactions and to evaluate new methods of disease control.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Development of a bacterial challenge test for gnotobiotic Nile tilapia <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> larvae","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-18 01:31:57.472594","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Gnotobiotic · Bacterial challenge test · Oreochromis niloticus · Edwardsiellosis · Edwardsiella ictaluri · Host–microbe interactions ","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2014,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-06-22","DateCreate":"2017-03-07","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000335580300004","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.3354/dao02721"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":283763,"PubliDate":2014,"Pagination":"23-33","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"109","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42792,"SerRR":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 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