{"refrec":{"BRefID":284178,"RR":"<b>Rodríguez-Rodríguez, D.; Sánchez-Espinosa, A.; Schröder, C.; Abdul Malak, D.; Rodríguez, J.</b> (2015). Cumulative pressures and low protection: a concerning blend for Mediterranean MPAs. <i>Mar. Pollut. Bull. 101(1)</i>: 288-295. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.039\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.039</a>","BEntID":276201,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Mar. Pollut. Bull. 101(1)</i>: 288-295. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.039\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.039</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Rodríguez-Rodríguez, D.; Sánchez-Espinosa, A.; Schröder, C.; Abdul Malak, D.; Rodríguez, J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Rodríguez-Rodríguez, D. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"This study classifies Mediterranean marine protected areas (MPAs) according to the combined result of pressure level and protection. Six major marine environment pressures were considered: pressures from fish farms, fishing, marine litter, pressures from marinas, pollution from maritime transport, and climate change. MPA protection was assessed through legal protection and management effort. Most MPA area in the Mediterranean is under relatively high pressure level and afforded low protection. Inshore areas show higher pressure levels. Five marine ecoregions, nine countries and nineteen MPA designation categories have over 50% of their MPA area under major concern. The mean number of cumulative pressures occurring in priority MPAs ranges between three and four, although the mean combined intensity of those pressures is low. However, these figures are most likely underestimated, especially for the southern Mediterranean. The most concerning pressures to MPAs regarding extent and intensity were: climate change, fishing and pollution from maritime transport.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Cumulative pressures and low protection: a concerning blend for Mediterranean MPAs","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-02 01:31:43.208285","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"    Mediterranean Sea; MPA; Cumulative pressure; Protection","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2015,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-02-15","DateCreate":"2017-03-27","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000367630700045","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.039"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":284178,"PubliDate":2015,"Pagination":"288-295","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"101","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43520,"SerRR":"Marine Pollution Bulletin. Macmillan: London.  ISSN 0025-326X; e-ISSN 1879-3363","StandardTitleSer":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","ISSN":"0025-326X","AbbrevSer":"Mar. Pollut. Bull.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":288,"Pages":8,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Rodríguez-Rodríguez","Firstname":null,"Initials":"D.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":276201,"AutID":252544,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Sánchez-Espinosa","Firstname":null,"Initials":"A.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":276201,"AutID":252565,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Schröder","Firstname":null,"Initials":"C.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":276201,"AutID":252566,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Abdul Malak","Firstname":null,"Initials":"D.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":276201,"AutID":252545,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Rodríguez","Firstname":null,"Initials":"J.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":276201,"AutID":75518,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":300644,"LibID":36,"BRefID":284178,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"300644","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Interne VLIZ documenten","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Non-open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":228,"Classification":"Non-open access","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":1,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_VLIZ_Intern","DutchDisclaimer":"<p>Deze publicatie is enkel beschikbaar voor persoonlijk gebruik binnen de Innovocean site <br />en mag op geen enkele manier verder worden verspreid.</p>","FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Macmillan","City":"London"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":[{"Collection":"VLIZ Acknowledged Publications","ShortName":"VLIZ ackn"}],"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":{"941":{"SpName":"LifeWatch Species Information Backbone","SpColID":941,"ParSpColID":39,"TopParID":39,"ShortName":"LifeWatch Species Information Backbone","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":39,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn/LifeWatch Species Information Backbone"},"793":{"SpName":"Marine Regions acknowledged","SpColID":793,"ParSpColID":941,"TopParID":39,"ShortName":"Marine Regions ackn","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":39,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn/LifeWatch Species Information Backbone/Marine Regions ackn"},"39":{"SpName":"VLIZ Acknowledged Publications","SpColID":39,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"VLIZ ackn","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn"}},"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":276201,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":276201,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.039","externalID":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.039","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":54427,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Bouchti, Zohra, Z.","newSesDate":{"date":"2017-03-27 09:21:27.183000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Lyssens, Liesbeth, L.","updSesDate":{"date":"2018-02-15 20:39:57.953000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}