{"refrec":{"BRefID":284313,"RR":"<b>Hanot, P.; De Ridder, C.; Jangoux, M.</b> (1990). Morphologie fonctionnelle des clavules chez le spatangide <i>Echinocardium cordatum</i> (Echinoidea, Echinodermata), <b><i>in</i></b>: De Ridder, C. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) <i>Echinoderm Research. Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Echinoderms, Brussels, Belgium, 18-21 September 1989.</i> pp. 247-254","BEntID":276337,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":", <b><i>in</i></b>: De Ridder, C. <i>et al.</i> <i>Echinoderm Research: Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Echinoderms, Brussels, Belgium, 18-21 September 1989.</i> pp. 247-254","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Hanot, P.; De Ridder, C.; Jangoux, M.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Hanot, P. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Functional morphology of the clavules in the spatangoid echinoid Echinocardium cordatum (Echinodermata). Echinocardium cordatum harbors particular miliary spines (i.e., clavules) that organize in tracks called fascicles. Clavules are densely packed (ca. 120/mm² ) and measure from 0.8 to 2.5 mm in length depending on the fascicle. Each clavule is made of a short glandular head supported by a rather elongated vibratile stem. Clavules of the anal and subanal fascicles and most clavules of the inner fascicle (except those surrounding the apical tuft) secrete mucopolysaccharidic substances; these are used to trap and convey detrital particles along the anterior food groove (inner fascicle) or to trap fee al material (anal and sub anal fascicles). Clavules of the part of the inner fascicle that surrounds the apical tuft secrete a mixture of polysaccharides and proteins; these are incorporated into the wall of the echinoid burrow -including the chimney- forming a kind of cement that reinforces the burrow's wall and allows to keep an area free of sediment around the echinoid. 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