{"refrec":{"BRefID":285273,"RR":"<b>Dewaele, L.; Lambert, O.; Louwye, S.</b> (2017). On <i>Prophoca</i> and <i>Leptophoca</i> (Pinnipedia, Phocidae) from the Miocene of the North Atlantic realm: redescription, phylogenetic affinities and paleobiogeographic implications. <i>PeerJ 5</i>: 56 pp. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3024\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3024</a>","BEntID":277298,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>PeerJ 5</i>: 56 pp. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3024\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3024</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Dewaele, L.; Lambert, O.; Louwye, S.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Dewaele, L. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Background<i>Prophoca</i> and <i>Leptophoca</i> represent the oldest known genera of phocine seals, dating from the latest early to middle Miocene. Originally, <i>Prophoca rousseaui</i> and <i>Prophoca proxima</i> were described based on fragmentary remains from the Miocene of Belgium. However, several researchers contested the union of <i>Prophoca rousseaui</i> and <i>Prophoca proxima</i> into one genus, without providing evidence. The stratigraphic context of <i>Prophoca</i> remained poorly constrained due to the lack of precise data associated with the original specimens collected in the area of Antwerp (north of Belgium).Methods<i>Prophoca</i> and <i>Leptophoca</i> are redescribed and their phylogenetic position among Phocidae is reassessed using PAUP. Dinoflagellate biostratigraphy has been carried out on sediment samples associated with specimens from <i>Prophoca</i> and <i>Leptophoca</i> to elucidate their approximate ages.ResultsWhereas the species <i>Prophoca rousseaui</i> is redescribed, <i>Prophoca proxima</i> is considered synonymous to <i>Leptophoca lenis</i>, with the proposal of a new combination <i>Leptophoca proxima</i> (Van Beneden, 1877). Sediment samples from specimens of both taxa have been dated to the late Langhian–early Serravallian (middle Miocene). Following a reinvestigation of <i>Leptophoca amphiatlantica</i>, characters from the original diagnosis are questioned and the specimens of <i>Leptophoca amphiatlantica</i> are considered <i>Leptophoca</i> cf. <i>L. proxima</i>. In a phylogenetic analysis, <i>Prophoca rousseaui</i> and <i>Leptophoca proxima</i> constitute early branching stem-phocines.Discussion<i>Leptophoca proxima</i> from the North Sea Basin is younger than the oldest known find of <i>Leptophoca proxima</i> from North America, which does not contradict the hypothesis that Phocinae originated along the east coast of North America during the late early Miocene, followed by dispersal to Europe shortly after. Morphological features of the appendicular skeleton indicate that <i>Prophoca rousseaui</i> and <i>Leptophoca proxima</i> have archaic locomotory modes, retaining a more prominent use of the fore flipper for aquatic propulsion than extant Phocidae.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"On <i>Prophoca</i> and <i>Leptophoca</i> (Pinnipedia, Phocidae) from the Miocene of the North Atlantic realm: redescription, phylogenetic affinities and paleobiogeographic implications","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Phocidae; Prophoca; Leptophoca; Miocene; North Atlantic; Redescription;Biostratigraphy; Phylogeny; Biogeography","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2017,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2017-06-07","DateCreate":"2017-05-16","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000396900400011","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.7717/peerj.3024"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":285273,"PubliDate":2017,"Pagination":"56 pp","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"5","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":242055,"SerRR":"PeerJ. PeerJ: Corte Madera & London.  ISSN 2167-8359; e-ISSN 2167-8359","StandardTitleSer":"PeerJ","ISSN":"2167-8359","AbbrevSer":"PeerJ","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":null,"Pages":null,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Dewaele","Firstname":"Leonard","Initials":"L.","Affiliation":"Department of Geology, Ghent University","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":277298,"AutID":255299,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":"Universiteit Gent; Vakgroep Geologie","ORCID":"0000-0003-1188-2515","PersID":34654,"InsID":2580},{"AutName":"Lambert","Firstname":"Olivier","Initials":"O.","Affiliation":"O.D. 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