{"refrec":{"BRefID":285322,"RR":"<b>Menviel, L.; Yu, J.; Joos, F.; Mouchet, A.; Meissner, K.J.; England, M.H.</b> (2017). Poorly ventilated deep ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum inferred from carbon isotopes: a data-model comparison study. <i>Paleoceanography 32(1)</i>: 2-17. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016PA003024\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016PA003024</a>","BEntID":277347,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Paleoceanography 32(1)</i>: 2-17. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016PA003024\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016PA003024</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Menviel, L.; Yu, J.; Joos, F.; Mouchet, A.; Meissner, K.J.; England, M.H.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Menviel, L. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> was ∼90 ppmv lower at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) compared to the late Holocene, but the mechanisms responsible for this change remain elusive. Here we employ a carbon isotope-enabled Earth System Model to investigate the role of ocean circulation in setting the LGM oceanic <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C distribution, thereby improving our understanding of glacial/interglacial atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> variations. We find that the mean ocean <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C change can be explained by a 378 ± 88 Gt C(2<i>σ</i>) smaller LGM terrestrial carbon reservoir compared to the Holocene. Critically, in this model, differences in the oceanic <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C spatial pattern can only be reconciled with a LGM ocean circulation state characterized by a weak (10–15 Sv) and relatively shallow (2000–2500 m) North Atlantic Deep Water cell, reduced Antarctic Bottom Water transport (≤10 Sv globally integrated), and relatively weak (6–8 Sv) and shallow (1000–1500 m) North Pacific Intermediate Water formation. This oceanic circulation state is corroborated by results from the isotope-enabled Bern3D ocean model and further confirmed by high LGM ventilation ages in the deep ocean, particularly in the deep South Atlantic and South Pacific. This suggests a poorly ventilated glacial deep ocean which would have facilitated the sequestration of carbon lost from the terrestrial biosphere and atmosphere.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Poorly ventilated deep ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum inferred from carbon isotopes: a data-model comparison study","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2017,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2019-07-10","DateCreate":"2017-05-16","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000394989300001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1002/2016PA003024"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":285322,"PubliDate":2017,"Pagination":"2-17","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"32","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":45633,"SerRR":"Paleoceanography. 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