{"refrec":{"BRefID":285353,"RR":"<b>Bertucci, F.; Legraverant, Y.; Berthe, C.; Brooker, R.M.; Lo, C.; Lecchini, D.</b> (2016). Natural cleaning, of the black-lip pearl oyster <i>Pinctada margaritifera</i> by butterflyfishes (<i>Chaetodon</i>) in French Polynesia. <i>Est., Coast. and Shelf Sci. 182(Part B)</i>: 270-273. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2016.04.001\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2016.04.001</a>","BEntID":277378,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Est., Coast. and Shelf Sci. 182(Part B)</i>: 270-273. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2016.04.001\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2016.04.001</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Bertucci, F.; Legraverant, Y.; Berthe, C.; Brooker, R.M.; Lo, C.; Lecchini, D.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Bertucci, F. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Biofouling increases the operational and economic costs associated with pearl production. As current procedures for reducing oyster biofouling can be detrimental to survival and growth and may pollute the surrounding environment developing alternative, biologically-mediated, methods could potentially increase both production and ecological sustainability. With this in mind, the present study investigated natural cleaning of black-lipped pearl oysters, <i>Pinctada margaritifera</i>, by butterflyfishes (<i>Chaetodon</i>). The feeding behaviour of six butterflyfish species was examined at Rangiroa Atoll, French Polynesia: <i>Chaetodon auriga</i>, <i>Chaetodon citrinellus</i>, <i>Chaetodon ephippium</i>, <i>Chaetodon lunulatus</i>, <i>Chaetodon trifascialis</i> and <i>Chaetodon ulietensis</i>. All species cleaned the surface of pearl oysters by removing epibionts (from 16% to 40% of total biomass), although dietary variation may explain different cleaning efficiencies. Generalist omnivores (<i>C. auriga</i>, <i>C. citrinellus</i>, <i>C. ephippium</i> and <i>C. ulietensis</i>) were the most efficient cleaners (% cleaning range: 26–40% of total biomass). Within this group, <i>C. ephippium</i> removed the most biomass (average of 41%) targeting algae and anemones. However, <i>C. auriga</i> targeted the most diverse range of epibionts, removing significant amounts of algae, sponges, tunicates, and anemones. These results suggest that foraging by butterflyfishes can substantially reduce biofouling on economically-important tropical bivalves.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Natural cleaning, of the black-lip pearl oyster <i>Pinctada margaritifera</i> by butterflyfishes (<i>Chaetodon</i>) in French Polynesia","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-07 01:31:29.430247","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Biofouling; Chaetodon; Rangiroa atoll; Natural cleaning","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2016,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2022-05-23","DateCreate":"2017-05-16","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000390728100007","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.ecss.2016.04.001"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":285353,"PubliDate":2016,"Pagination":"270-273","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"182","Issue":"Part B","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":44109,"SerRR":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 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