{"refrec":{"BRefID":289776,"RR":"<b>Smaldon, G.; Lee, E.W.</b> (1979). A synopsis of methods for the narcotisation of marine invertebrates. <i>Royal Scottish Museum Information Series. Natural History</i>, 6. Royal Scottish Museum: Edinburgh.  iii, 96 pp.","BEntID":281815,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Royal Scottish Museum Information Series. Natural History</i>, 6. Royal Scottish Museum: Edinburgh.  iii, 96 pp.","DocTypID":5,"DocType":"Book/Monograph","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Smaldon, G.; Lee, E.W.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Smaldon, G.; Lee, E.W.","Englishabstract":"The successful preservation of marine invertebrates often depends on the treatment afforded them prior to fixation. Many invertebrates are highly contractile and will assume contorted postures if placed straight into fixative. To avoid contortion, rupture of the body wall, evisceration, ejection of gut contents and other undesirable side-effects of poor fixation, it is usually necessary to narcotise the animal before fixing it. After narcotisation, the animal may then be fixed in as life-like a posture as possible, with the least distress involved. This is especially important for such groups as Coelenterates and Platyhelminthes, but less so with certain arthropods and molluscs. Nevertheless, a certain amount of narcotisation usually leads to a more satisfactory end product. This synopsis of narcotisation methods is intended to be no more than a basic guide to the most satisfactory methods for each group of invertebrates. A selection of methods is given for each group, and since many invertebrates are not constant in their reaction to a narcotic, it is wise to try several different narcotisation methods on a particular animal species. One method will usually be more effective than the others. Most of the methods given here are simple; any complex or esoteric methods have been omitted since in most cases only basic apparatus and chemicals will be available. The synopsis is arranged following the generally-accepted systematic arrangement of the animal kingdom, and most groups are represented. The first reference given on each page refers to the original description of the method, or to a detailed account. Subsequent references, where given, refer to other users of the method. We have not had time to try out all the methods on all the groups, but comments have been added where appropriate. A space is provided at the bottom of each page for any notes the user might wish to add, thus improving the information content. It is assumed here that the narcotisation procedure will lead to the death of the animal and to its subsequent fixation, dissection or examination. Many of these techniques may be used for anaesthetising animals and allowing their subsequent recovery, but since this is more within the realm of the physiologist, we have not attempted to provide such information here. 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