{"refrec":{"BRefID":291229,"RR":"<b>Vuik, V.; Suh Heo, H.Y.; Zhu, Z.; Borsje, B.W.; Jonkman, S.N.</b> (2018). Stem breakage of salt marsh vegetation under wave forcing: a field and model study. <i>Est., Coast. and Shelf Sci. 200</i>: 41-58. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.09.028\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.09.028</a>","BEntID":283272,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Est., Coast. and Shelf Sci. 200</i>: 41-58. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.09.028\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.09.028</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Vuik, V.; Suh Heo, H.Y.; Zhu, Z.; Borsje, B.W.; Jonkman, S.N.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Vuik, V. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"One of the services provided by coastal ecosystems is wave attenuation by vegetation, and subsequent reduction of wave loads on flood defense structures. Therefore, stability of vegetation under wave forcing is an important factor to consider. This paper presents a model which determines the wave load that plant stems can withstand before they break or fold. This occurs when wave-induced bending stresses exceed the flexural strength of stems. Flexural strength was determined by means of three-point-bending tests, which were carried out for two common salt marsh species: <i>Spartina anglica</i> (common cord-grass) and <i>Scirpus maritimus</i> (sea club-rush), at different stages in the seasonal cycle. Plant stability is expressed in terms of a critical orbital velocity, which combines factors that contribute to stability: high flexural strength, large stem diameter, low vegetation height, high flexibility and a low drag coefficient. In order to include stem breakage in the computation of wave attenuation by vegetation, the stem breakage model was implemented in a wave energy balance. A model parameter was calibrated so that the predicted stem breakage corresponded with the wave-induced loss of biomass that occurred in the field. The stability of <i>Spartina</i> is significantly higher than that of <i>Scirpus</i>, because of its higher strength, shorter stems, and greater flexibility. The model is validated by applying wave flume tests of <i>Elymus athericus</i> (sea couch), which produced reasonable results with regards to the threshold of folding and overall stem breakage percentage, despite the high flexibility of this species. Application of the stem breakage model will lead to a more realistic assessment of the role of vegetation for coastal protection.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Stem breakage of salt marsh vegetation under wave forcing: a field and model study","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Salt marsh; Vegetation; Wave attenuation; Stem breakage model; Three-point-bending test; Coastal protection","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2018,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-05-17","DateCreate":"2017-12-04","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000424308600004","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1016/j.ecss.2017.09.028"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":291229,"PubliDate":2018,"Pagination":"41-58","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"200","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":44109,"SerRR":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. Academic Press: London; New York.  ISSN 0272-7714; e-ISSN 1096-0015","StandardTitleSer":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","ISSN":"0272-7714","AbbrevSer":"Est., Coast. and Shelf Sci.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":41,"Pages":18,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Vuik","Firstname":"Vincent","Initials":"V.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":283272,"AutID":286401,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Suh Heo","Firstname":"Hannah","Initials":"H.Y.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":283272,"AutID":286402,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Zhu","Firstname":"Zhenchang","Initials":"Z.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":283272,"AutID":212153,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"EDS","InsFSN":"Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee; Estuarine and Delta Systems","ORCID":null,"PersID":25915,"InsID":13657},{"AutName":"Borsje","Firstname":"Bas","Initials":"B.W.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":283272,"AutID":182350,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Jonkman","Firstname":"Sebastiaan","Initials":"S.N.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":283272,"AutID":286406,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":283272,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":312632,"LibID":36,"BRefID":291229,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"312632","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"VLIZ Open Access","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":53,"Classification":"Open access","ReqLink":null,"ClassifTypID":1,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":null,"InternalReq":0,"LoggedInReq":0,"Disclaimer":null,"DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null},{"BInstID":309767,"LibID":2779,"BRefID":291229,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":null,"ShelfLocCode":"309767","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":null,"Acronym":null,"Library":"NIOZ","DutchTerm":null,"URL":null,"ClassifID":261,"Classification":"NIOZ files","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":null,"Disclaimer":null,"DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":397,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":null,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"NIOZ","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":805,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Academic Press","City":"London; New York"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":[{"Collection":"ScheldeMonitor","ShortName":"scheldemonitor"}],"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":{"637":{"SpName":"Hydrodynamics","SpColID":637,"ParSpColID":867,"TopParID":867,"ShortName":"Hydrodynamiek","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":867,"SpColPath":"IMIS themes/Hydrodynamiek"},"867":{"SpName":"IMIS themes","SpColID":867,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"IMIS themes","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"IMIS themes"},"805":{"SpName":"Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee","SpColID":805,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"NIOZ","URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imis/nioz/imis.php?refid=","LibID":2779,"OpenRepoFlag":1,"SpTypID":1,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"NIOZ"},"27":{"SpName":"ScheldeMonitor","SpColID":27,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"scheldemonitor","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"scheldemonitor"},"641":{"SpName":"Species diversity","SpColID":641,"ParSpColID":867,"TopParID":867,"ShortName":"Diversiteit soorten","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":867,"SpColPath":"IMIS themes/Diversiteit soorten"},"662":{"SpName":"Species diversity: Vegetation","SpColID":662,"ParSpColID":641,"TopParID":867,"ShortName":"Diversiteit soorten: Vegetatie","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":867,"SpColPath":"IMIS themes/Diversiteit soorten/Diversiteit soorten: Vegetatie"}},"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":283272,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":283272,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.09.028","externalID":"10.1016/j.ecss.2017.09.028","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":59535,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Leonne.van.der.Weegen@nioz.nl","newSesDate":{"date":"2017-12-04 08:48:11.740000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Lyssens, Liesbeth, L.","updSesDate":{"date":"2018-05-17 21:28:56.790000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}