{"refrec":{"BRefID":291815,"RR":"<b>Valdés, Á.; Alexander, J.; Crocetta, F.; Yokes, M.B.; Giacobbe, S.; Poursanidis, D.; Zenetos, A.; Cervera, J.L.; Caballer, M.; Galil, B.; Schembri, P.J.</b> (2013). The origin and dispersal pathway of the spotted sea hare <i>Aplysia dactylomela</i> (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia) in the Mediterranean Sea. <i>Aquat. Invasions 8(4)</i>: 427-436. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2013.8.4.06\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2013.8.4.06</a>","BEntID":283859,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquat. Invasions 8(4)</i>: 427-436. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2013.8.4.06\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2013.8.4.06</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Valdés, Á.; Alexander, J.; Crocetta, F.; Yokes, M.B.; Giacobbe, S.; Poursanidis, D.; Zenetos, A.; Cervera, J.L.; Caballer, M.; Galil, B.; Schembri, P.J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Valdés, Á. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The spotted sea hare <i>Aplysia dactylomela</i> Rang, 1828 is a large and conspicuous opisthobranch sea slug that since 2002 has rapidly colonized the eastern Mediterranean, establishing populations in numerous localities. The source of the Mediterranean populations has been the subject of debate, with two main hypotheses considered (Atlantic and Red Sea origin). A recent study on the taxonomy of <i>A. dactylomela</i> has shown that the spotted sea hare is a complex of at least two genetically distinct species (<i>A. dactylomela</i> in the Atlantic and <i>A. argus</i> in the Indo-Pacific), facilitating the correct identification of Mediterranean specimens by molecular means. We used sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene to identify the Mediterranean individuals for the first time and to infer their origin. Our results confirmed that all the specimens collected in the Mediterranean belong to <i>A. dactylomela</i> and therefore have an Atlantic origin. The limited sample size does not allow identification of the dispersal pathway of <i>A. dactylomela</i> into the Mediterranean, but the colonization sequence is consistent with a “natural” dispersal event. This hypothesis is evaluated in light of local surface circulation patterns. Possible causes for the recent and rapid invasion of the eastern Mediterranean by <i>A. dactylomela</i> are discussed.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"The origin and dispersal pathway of the spotted sea hare <i>Aplysia dactylomela</i> (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia) in the Mediterranean Sea","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-18 01:32:01.801104","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Aplysiidae; Atlantic Ocean; population genetics; haplotype network","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2013,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-02-13","DateCreate":"2018-01-12","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000329280000006","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.3391/ai.2013.8.4.06"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":291815,"PubliDate":2013,"Pagination":"427-436","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"8","Issue":"4","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":97172,"SerRR":"Aquatic Invasions. 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