{"refrec":{"BRefID":293866,"RR":"<b>Laursen, B.G.; Bay, L.; Cleenwerck, I.; Vancanneyt, M.; Swings, J.; Dalgaard, P.; Leisner, J.</b> (2005). <i>Carnobacterium divergens</i> and <i>Carnobacterium maltaromaticum</i> as spoilers or protective cultures in meat and seafood: phenotypic and genotypic characterization. <i>Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 28(2)</i>: 151-164. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2004.12.001\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2004.12.001</a>","BEntID":285930,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 28(2)</i>: 151-164. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2004.12.001\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2004.12.001</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Laursen, B.G.; Bay, L.; Cleenwerck, I.; Vancanneyt, M.; Swings, J.; Dalgaard, P.; Leisner, J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Laursen, B.G. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"<i>Carnobacterium</i>, a genus of lactic acid bacteria, frequently dominate the microflora of chilled vacuum- or modified atmosphere-packed meat and seafood. In this study <i>Carnobacterium</i> isolates were characterized by phenotypic and molecular methods in order to investigate the association of species and intra-species groups with distinct kinds of meat and seafood.Of 120 test strains, 50 originated from meat (beef and pork products, including 44 strains isolated during this study and 6 strains obtained from culture collections) and 52 from seafoods (cod, halibut, salmon, shrimps and roe products). In addition, 9 reference strains of <i>Carnobacterium</i> spp from other sources than meat and fish and 9 reference strains of lactic acid bacteria belonging to other genera than <i>Carnobacterium</i> were included. Numerical taxonomy relying on classical biochemical reactions, carbohydrate fermentation and inhibition tests (temperature, salt, pH, chemical preservatives, antibiotics, bacteriocins), SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of whole cell proteins, plasmidprofiling, intergenic spacer region (ISR) analysis and examination of amplified-fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) were employed to characterize the strains.The numerical taxonomic approach divided the carnobacteria strains into 24 groups that shared less than 89% similarity. These groups were identified as <i>Carnobacterium divergens</i> with one major cluster (40 strains) and 7 branches of one to four strains, <i>Carnobacterium maltaromaticum</i> (previous <i>C. piscicola</i>) with one major cluster (37 strains) and 9 branches of one to four strains and <i>Carnobacterium mobile</i> (three branches consisting in total of 4 strains). Branches consisting of references strains of the remaining <i>Carnobacterium</i> spp. were separated from clusters and branches of <i>C. divergens</i>, <i>C. maltaromaticum</i>and C. mobile. Isolates from the main clusters of <i>C. divergens</i> and <i>C. maltaromaticum</i> were found both in fresh and lightly preserved meat and seafood products. High phenotypic intra-species variability was observed for <i>C. divergens</i> and <i>C. maltaromaticum</i> but despite this heterogeneity in phenotypic traits a reliable identification to species levels was obtained by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of whole cell proteins and by ISR based on 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region polymorphism. With AFLP, two distinct clusters were observed for <i>C. divergens</i> but only one for <i>C. maltaromaticum</i>. The two <i>C. divergens</i> clusters were not identical to any of the clusters observed by numerical taxonomy.A limited number of <i>C. divergens</i> and <i>C. maltaromaticum</i> isolates possessed a biopreservative potential due to their production of bacteriocins with a wide inhibition spectrum. This study serves as a base-line for further investigations on the potential role of species of <i>Carnobacterium</i> in foods where they predominate the spoilage microflora.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"<i>Carnobacterium divergens</i> and <i>Carnobacterium maltaromaticum</i> as spoilers or protective cultures in meat and seafood: phenotypic and genotypic characterization","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-04 01:31:25.604132","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"lactic acid bacteria; Carnoobacterium; spoilage; antagonism; ISR; AFLP;numerical taxonomy","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2005,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2022-07-08","DateCreate":"2018-03-12","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000228587300007","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.syapm.2004.12.001"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":293866,"PubliDate":2005,"Pagination":"151-164","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"28","Issue":"2","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43944,"SerRR":"Systematic and Applied Microbiology. Elsevier: Jena.  ISSN 0723-2020; e-ISSN 1618-0984","StandardTitleSer":"Systematic and Applied Microbiology","ISSN":"0723-2020","AbbrevSer":"Syst. Appl. 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