{"refrec":{"BRefID":295482,"RR":"<b>Evans, D.; Sagoo, N.; Renema, W.; Cotton, L.J.; Müller, W.; Todd, J.A.; Saraswati, P.K.; Stassen, P.; Ziegler, M.; Pearson, P.N.; Valdes, P.J.; Affek, H.P.</b> (2018). Eocene greenhouse climate revealed by coupled clumped isotope-Mg/Ca thermometry. <i>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 115(6)</i>: 1174-1179. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714744115\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714744115</a>","BEntID":287569,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 115(6)</i>: 1174-1179. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714744115\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714744115</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Evans, D.; Sagoo, N.; Renema, W.; Cotton, L.J.; Müller, W.; Todd, J.A.; Saraswati, P.K.; Stassen, P.; Ziegler, M.; Pearson, P.N.; Valdes, P.J.; Affek, H.P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Evans, D. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Past greenhouse periods with elevated atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> were characterized by globally warmer sea-surface temperatures (SST). However, the extent to which the high latitudes warmed to a greater degree than the tropics (polar amplification) remains poorly constrained, in particular because there are only a few temperature reconstructions from the tropics. Consequently, the relationship between increased CO<sub>2</sub>, the degree of tropical warming, and the resulting latitudinal SST gradient is not well known. Here, we present coupled clumped isotope (Δ<sub>47</sub>)-Mg/Ca measurements of foraminifera from a set of globally distributed sites in the tropics and midlatitudes. Δ<sub>47</sub> is insensitive to seawater chemistry and therefore provides a robust constraint on tropical SST. Crucially, coupling these data with Mg/Ca measurements allows the precise reconstruction of Mg/Ca<sub>sw</sub> throughout the Eocene, enabling the reinterpretation of all planktonic foraminifera Mg/Ca data. The combined dataset constrains the range in Eocene tropical SST to 30–36 °C (from sites in all basins). We compare these accurate tropical SST to deep-ocean temperatures, serving as a minimum constraint on high-latitude SST. This results in a robust conservative reconstruction of the early Eocene latitudinal gradient, which was reduced by at least 32 ± 10% compared with present day, demonstrating greater polar amplification than captured by most climate models.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Eocene greenhouse climate revealed by coupled clumped isotope-Mg/Ca thermometry","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-18 01:32:03.551265","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"clumped isotope; Eocene; tropical sea-surface temperatures; polaramplification; seawater Mg/Ca","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2018,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2019-07-09","DateCreate":"2018-05-15","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000424191300040","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1073/pnas.1714744115"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":295482,"PubliDate":2018,"Pagination":"1174-1179","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"115","Issue":"6","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43690,"SerRR":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 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