{"refrec":{"BRefID":295540,"RR":"<b>Parard, G.; Rutgersson, A.; Parampil, S.R.; Charantonis, A.A.</b> (2017). The potential of using remote sensing data to estimate air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in the Baltic Sea. <i>Earth System Dynamics 8(4)</i>: 1093-1106. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-1093-2017\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-1093-2017</a>","BEntID":287627,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Earth System Dynamics 8(4)</i>: 1093-1106. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-1093-2017\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-1093-2017</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Parard, G.; Rutgersson, A.; Parampil, S.R.; Charantonis, A.A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Parard, G. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"In this article, we present the first climatological map of air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> flux over the Baltic Sea based on remote sensing data: estimates of <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> derived from satellite imaging using self-organizing map classifications along with class-specific linear regressions (SOMLO methodology) and remotely sensed wind estimates. The estimates have a spatial resolution of 4 km both in latitude and longitude and a monthly temporal resolution from 1998 to 2011. The CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes are estimated using two types of wind products, i.e. reanalysis winds and satellite wind products, the higher-resolution wind product generally leading to higher-amplitude flux estimations. <br><br> Furthermore, the CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes were also estimated using two methods: the method of Wanninkhof et al. (2013) and the method of Rutgersson and Smedman (2009). The seasonal variation in fluxes reflects the seasonal variation in <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> unvaryingly over the whole Baltic Sea, with high winter CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and high <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> uptakes. All basins act as a source for the atmosphere, with a higher degree of emission in the southern regions (mean source of 1.6 mmol m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> for the South Basin and 0.9 for the Central Basin) than in the northern regions (mean source of 0.1 mmol m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>) and the coastal areas act as a larger sink (annual uptake of −4.2 mmol m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>) than does the open sea (−4 mmol m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>). In its entirety, the Baltic Sea acts as a small source of 1.2 mmol m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> on average and this annual uptake has increased from 1998 to 2012.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"The potential of using remote sensing data to estimate air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in the Baltic Sea","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2017,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-05-22","DateCreate":"2018-05-15","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000417074700001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.5194/esd-8-1093-2017"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":295540,"PubliDate":2017,"Pagination":"1093-1106","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"8","Issue":"4","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":241922,"SerRR":"Earth System Dynamics. 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