{"refrec":{"BRefID":295856,"RR":"<b>Steurbaut, E.; King, C.; Matthijs, J.; Noiret, C.; Yans, J.; Van Simaeys, S.</b> (2015). The Zemst borehole, first record of the EECO in the North Sea Basin and implications for Belgian Ypresian - Lutetian stratigraphy. <i>Geol. Belg. 18(2-4)</i>: 147-159","BEntID":287944,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Geol. Belg. 18(2-4)</i>: 147-159","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Steurbaut, E.; King, C.; Matthijs, J.; Noiret, C.; Yans, J.; Van Simaeys, S.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Steurbaut, E. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Integration of new data in sedimentology, micropalaeontology and organic carbon isotopeanalysis of upper Ypresian strata in central Belgium (Zemst hole) enables differentiationof a series of biotic events and carbon isotope trends, which are believed to be associated with the 1.5-million-year-long <span style=\"background-color:#ffffff;\">period of </span>global warming, known as the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO). The relatively low values in δ<sup>13</sup>C<span style=\"font-size:8.0pt; vertical-align:-12%;\">org</span>(-26.5‰ to -27.1‰) in the interval from the Panisel Sand to the Merelbeke Clay Members (upper NP12-lower NP13) are shown to be coinciding with a fairly high frequency in <i>Apectodinium </i>(&gt;3%, up to 14%) and a <i>Discoaster</i>-bloom (16%-50%, essentially <i>D. kuepperi</i>). This is quite analogous, although less prominent, to what has been observed during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM: <i>Apectodinium </i>abundance of 75% at middle and high latitudes and <i>Discoaster </i>blooms in tropical areas). The abrupt positive shift of up to 1‰ in δ<sup>13</sup>C<span style=\"font-size:8.0pt; vertical-align:-12%;\">org</span> values at the base of the overlying Pittem Clay Member (mid-NP13, mid-chron C22r), which is coincident with the virtual disappearances of <i>Apectodinium</i> (&lt;0.1%) and <i>Discoaster </i>(&lt;0.5%) seems to mark the end of the EECO in the southern North Sea Basin. The Zemst data allow the identification of the NP12/NP13 boundary, virtually coinciding with chron C23n/C22r boundary, at the depositional break between the Panisel Sand Member and the overlying Kwatrecht Member. The new data also allow to substantially refine the calcareous nannofossil stratigraphy during Biochron NP15 (mid-Lutetian) at middle latitudes. This is corroborated by additional data from Belgium, which furthermore reveal that the primary criterion for identifying the base of the Lutetian (LO of <i>Blackites inflatus</i>), as adopted in the Gorrondatxe GSSP (Spain), cannot be applied in the North Sea Basin s.s. (excluding the Paris Basin) and that there is an urgent need for defining appropriate substitutes for this boundary at these latitudes. 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Geologica Belgica: Brussels .  ISSN 1374-8505; e-ISSN 2034-1954","StandardTitleSer":"Geologica Belgica","ISSN":"1374-8505","AbbrevSer":"Geol. 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