{"refrec":{"BRefID":2963,"RR":"<b>Merchie, G.; Lavens, P.; Verreth, J.; Ollevier, F.P.; Nelis, H.; De Leenheer, A.P.; Storch, V.; Sorgeloos, P.</b> (1997). The effect of supplemental ascorbic acid in enriched live food for <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> larvae at startfeeding. <i>Aquaculture 151</i>: 245-258. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01505-0\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01505-0</a>","BEntID":2963,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquaculture 151</i>: 245-258. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01505-0\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01505-0</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":1,"BrackishFlag":1,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Merchie, G.; Lavens, P.; Verreth, J.; Ollevier, F.P.; Nelis, H.; De Leenheer, A.P.; Storch, V.; Sorgeloos, P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Merchie, G. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The effect of three dietary ascorbic acid (AA) concentrations, each applied via two feed types, on production characteristics and physiological condition of African catfish (<i>Clarius gariepinus</i>) larvae has been assessed in two 10-day culture trials. Three treatments received only <i>Artemia</i> nauplii enriched with an experimental emulsion containing 0, 10 or 20% ascorbyl palmitate (AP) and yielding 530, 1200 and 1600 µg AA g<sup>-1</sup> DW <i>Artemia</i> , respectively; the other three treatments were fed the same <i>Artemia</i> diets which were partially substituted by an artificial diet containing no vitamin C (ratio 20:80). No differences in survival could be observed: however, from day 6 onwards the 20%-AP group showed significantly better growth compared to the 0%- and 10%- treatments. For the cofeeding series, the same positive, but not significant, influence of vitamin C on dry weight was found. Moreover, the animals receiving the highest vitamin C supplementation displayed a considerably lower stress sensitivity than those of the 0%- and the 10%-AP groups, for both the 100%-and the 20%- <i>Artemia</i> series. These differences had occurred by day 2, which might be indicative of the importance of AA in early development. A second trial, which was a repetition of the first one, revealed the same tendencies; however, growth differences were smaller, probably due to the higher incorporation levels of AA obtained in the live diet (530, 1700 and 2300 µg AA g <sup>-1</sup> DW) and in the catfish larvae. Growth results of both experiments were supported with data from the ultrastructural evaluation of the hepatocytes: i.e. a more organized cell compartmentation and better-structured cell organelles in the 20%-AP group of the <i>Artemia</i> series compared to the control are indicative of a more active metabolism. The slow growth in the cofeeding series was documented by the poor condition of the hepatocytes.In a third experiment it was verified that the growth effect of the 20%-AP boosted <i>Artemia</i> diet was the result of the extra AA incorporation and not of the concomitant palmitic acid (PA), which was set free after hydrolysis of AP in the <i>Artemia</i> nauplii, and which could possibly be used as a supplemental energy source. The three treatments were fed <i>Artemia</i> nauplii enriched with 0% AP, 12% PA and 20% AP, respectively. Growth and stress resistance of the latter group were significantly higher compared to the control and the PA-supplemented fish. To our knowledge this is the first evidence for the positive role of high dietary vitamin C levels (more than 1500 µg AA g<sup>-1</sup> DW) on larval development of an aquaculture species, and more specifically of <i>C. gariepinus</i>.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"The effect of supplemental ascorbic acid in enriched live food for <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> larvae at startfeeding","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1997,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2001-11-28","DateCreate":"2000-08-25","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:A1997XH72600021","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01505-0"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":2963,"PubliDate":1997,"Pagination":"245-258","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"151","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42190,"SerRR":"Aquaculture. 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