{"refrec":{"BRefID":296557,"RR":"<b>Stewart, A.; Hablützel, P.I.; Watson, H.V.; Brown, M.; Friberg, I.M.; Cable, J.; Jackson, J.A.</b> (2018). Physical cues controlling seasonal immune allocation in a natural piscine model. <i>Frontiers in Immunology 9(582)</i>: 1-15. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00582\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00582</a>","BEntID":288646,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Frontiers in Immunology 9(582)</i>: 1-15. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00582\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00582</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Stewart, A.; Hablützel, P.I.; Watson, H.V.; Brown, M.; Friberg, I.M.; Cable, J.; Jackson, J.A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Stewart, A. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Seasonal patterns in immunity are frequently observed in vertebrates but are poorly understood. Here, we focused on a natural piscine model, the three-spined stickleback (<i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i>), and asked how seasonal immune allocation is driven by physical variables (time, light, and heat). Using functionally-relevant gene expression metrics as a reporter of seasonal immune allocation, we synchronously sampled fish monthly from the wild (two habitats), and from semi-natural outdoors mesocosms (stocked from one of the wild habitats). This was repeated across two annual cycles, with continuous within-habitat monitoring of environmental temperature and implementing a manipulation of temperature in the mesocosms. We also conducted a long-term laboratory experiment, subjecting acclimated wild fish to natural and accelerated (×2) photoperiodic change at 7 and 15°C. The laboratory experiment demonstrated that immune allocation was independent of photoperiod and only a very modest effect, at most, was controlled by a tentative endogenous circannual rhythm. On the other hand, experimentally-determined thermal effects were able to quantitatively predict much of the summer–winter fluctuation observed in the field and mesocosms. Importantly, however, temperature was insufficient to fully predict, and occasionally was a poor predictor of, natural patterns. Thermal effects can thus be overridden by other (unidentified) natural environmental variation and do not take the form of an unavoidable constraint due to cold-blooded physiology. This is consistent with a context-dependent strategic control of immunity in response to temperature variation, and points to the existence of temperature-sensitive regulatory circuits that might be conserved in other vertebrates.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Physical cues controlling seasonal immune allocation in a natural piscine model","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"<i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i>, immunity, immunoregulation, seasonality, photoperiod, temperature","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2018,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2019-07-24","DateCreate":"2018-06-01","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000428058800001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.3389/fimmu.2018.00582"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":296557,"PubliDate":2018,"Pagination":"1-15","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"9","Issue":"582","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":268438,"SerRR":"Frontiers in Immunology. 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