{"refrec":{"BRefID":298632,"RR":"<b>Denny, C.M.</b> (2008). Development of a method to reduce the spread of the ascidian <i>Didemnum vexillum</i> with aquaculture transfers. <i>ICES J. Mar. Sci./J. Cons. int. Explor. Mer 65(5)</i>: 805-810. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn039\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn039</a>","BEntID":290738,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>ICES J. Mar. Sci./J. Cons. int. Explor. Mer 65(5)</i>: 805-810. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn039\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn039</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Denny, C.M.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Denny, C.M.","Englishabstract":"The colonial ascidian <i>Didemnum vexillum</i> was discovered in Shakespeare Bay (New Zealand) in 2001 and now poses a serious threat to the aquaculture industry. I assess several techniques to eliminate <i>Didemnum</i> from Greenshell™ seed-mussels (<i>Perna canaliculus</i>) in order to reduce the spread of the pest species with aquaculture transfers. Simple approaches based on fresh-water immersion proved ineffective or impractical in controlling <i>Didemnum</i>, so different chemical treatments were evaluated. Initial trials were conducted using acetic acid at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10% for a range of exposure times. However, at concentrations or exposure times tolerated by seed-mussels, <i>Didemnum</i> colonies survived with, on average, ∼80% mortality. These results led to the testing of other chemicals, and sodium hypochlorite (bleach) was identified as a potential candidate. 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