{"refrec":{"BRefID":300365,"RR":"<b>Lange, M.D.; Farmer, B.D.; Declercq, A.M.; Peatman, E.; Decostere, A.; Beck, B.H.</b> (2017). Sickeningly sweet: L-rhamnose stimulates <i>Flavobacterium columnare</i> biofilm formation and virulence. <i>J. Fish Dis. 40(11)</i>: 1613-1624. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12629\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12629</a>","BEntID":292601,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>J. Fish Dis. 40(11)</i>: 1613-1624. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12629\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12629</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":1,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Lange, M.D.; Farmer, B.D.; Declercq, A.M.; Peatman, E.; Decostere, A.; Beck, B.H.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Lange, M.D. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"<i>Flavobacterium columnare</i>, the causative agent of columnaris disease, causes substantial mortality worldwide in numerous freshwater finfish species. Due to its global significance and impact on the aquaculture industry continual efforts to better understand basic mechanisms that contribute to disease are urgently needed. The current work sought to evaluate effect of L‐rhamnose on the growth characteristics of <i>F. columnare</i>. While we initially did not observe any key changes during the total growth of <i>F. columnare</i> isolates tested when treated with L‐rhamnose, it soon became apparent that the difference lies in the ability of this carbohydrate to facilitate the formation of biofilms. The addition of different concentrations of L‐rhamnose consistently promoted the development of biofilms among different <i>F. columnare</i> isolates; however, it does not appear to be sufficient as a sole carbon source for biofilm growth. Our data also suggest that iron acquisition machinery is required for biofilm development. Finally, the addition of different concentrations of L‐rhamnose to <i>F. columnare</i> prior to a laboratory challenge increased mortality rates in channel catfish (<i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>) as compared to controls. 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