{"refrec":{"BRefID":301057,"RR":"<b>Chernoff, B.</b> (1986). Phylogenetic relationships and reclassification of menidiine silverside fishes with emphasis on the tribe Membradini. <i>Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 138(1)</i>: 189-249","BEntID":293295,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 138(1)</i>: 189-249","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Chernoff, B.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Chernoff, B.","Englishabstract":"Silverside fishes of the New World have been classified traditionally into two sub- families: the Atherinopsinae and the Menidiinae. Phylogenetic evidence is presented that supports the monophyly of each of these subfamilies. Furthermore, the Menidiinae is divisible into two large lineages which are here recognized as tribes. The Menidiini contains the genera <i>Menidia, Chirostoma, Poblana</i>, and <i>Labidesthes</i>. The Membradini includes <i>Membras, Hubbesia, Adenops, Xenomelaniris, Melaniris, Thyrinops, Atherinella, Coleotropis, Eurystole, Nectarges, Archomenidia, Xenatherina</i>, and <i>Melanorhinus</i>. Phylogenetic analysis of the Membradini revealed that <i>Melaniris</i> is a paraphyletic assemblage, whose members grade into many of the other genera listed for the tribe. Based upon the phylogenetic hypotheses, the membradin silversides were reclassified into three genera: <i>Membras, Atherinella</i>, and <i>Melanorhinus</i>. <i>Atherinella</i> is divided into four subgenera and several species groups. 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