{"refrec":{"BRefID":301591,"RR":"<b>Hyder, P.; Edwards, J.M.; Allan, R.P.; Hewitt, H.T.; Bracegirdle, T.J.; Gregory, J.M.; Wood, R.A.; Meijers, A.J.S.; Mulcahy, J.; Field, P.; Furtado, K.; Bodas-Salcedo, A.; Williams, K.D.; Copsey, D.; Josey, S.A.; Liu, C.; Roberts, C.D.; Sanchez, C.; Ridley, J.; Thorpe, L.; Hardiman, S.C.; Mayer, M.; Berry, D.I.; Belcher, S.E.</b> (2018). Critical Southern Ocean climate model biases traced to atmospheric model cloud errors. <i>Nature Comm. 9(1)</i>: 17 pp. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05634-2\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05634-2</a>","BEntID":293832,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Nature Comm. 9(1)</i>: 17 pp. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05634-2\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05634-2</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Hyder, P.; Edwards, J.M.; Allan, R.P.; Hewitt, H.T.; Bracegirdle, T.J.; Gregory, J.M.; Wood, R.A.; Meijers, A.J.S.; Mulcahy, J.; Field, P.; Furtado, K.; Bodas-Salcedo, A.; Williams, K.D.; Copsey, D.; Josey, S.A.; Liu, C.; Roberts, C.D.; Sanchez, C.; Ridley, J.; Thorpe, L.; Hardiman, S.C.; Mayer, M.; Berry, D.I.; Belcher, S.E.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Hyder, P. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The Southern Ocean is a pivotal component of the global climate system yet it is poorly represented in climate models, with significant biases in upper-ocean temperatures, clouds and winds. Combining Atmospheric and Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (AMIP5/CMIP5) simulations, with observations and equilibrium heat budget theory, we show that across the CMIP5 ensemble variations in sea surface temperature biases in the 40–60°S Southern Ocean are primarily caused by AMIP5 atmospheric model net surface flux bias variations, linked to cloud-related short-wave errors. Equilibration of the biases involves local coupled sea surface temperature bias feedbacks onto the surface heat flux components. In combination with wind feedbacks, these biases adversely modify upper-ocean thermal structure. Most AMIP5 atmospheric models that exhibit small net heat flux biases appear to achieve this through compensating errors. We demonstrate that targeted developments to cloud-related parameterisations provide a route to better represent the Southern Ocean in climate models and projections.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Critical Southern Ocean climate model biases traced to atmospheric model cloud errors","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-07 01:31:34.618209","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2018,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-09-26","DateCreate":"2018-09-26","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000444282200001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1038/s41467-018-05634-2"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":301591,"PubliDate":2018,"Pagination":"17 pp","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"9","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":198717,"SerRR":"Nature Communications. 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