{"refrec":{"BRefID":303009,"RR":"<b>Nierop, K.G.J.; Brouwer, P.; Dekker, R.; Schluepmann, H.; Reichart, G.-J.</b> (2018). ω20-Hydroxy and ω9,ω10-dihydroxy biomarker lipids in ferns from the Salviniaceae family. <i>Org. Geochem. 125</i>: 229-242. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2018.09.014\" target=\"_blank\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2018.09.014</a>","BEntID":295259,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Org. Geochem. 125</i>: 229-242. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2018.09.014\" target=\"_blank\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2018.09.014</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Nierop, K.G.J.; Brouwer, P.; Dekker, R.; Schluepmann, H.; Reichart, G.-J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Nierop, K.G.J. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"All seven species of floating ferns from the genus <i>Azolla</i> (family Salviniaceae) produce a unique series of long chain mid-chain ω20-hydroxy compounds (ω20-alkanols, 1,ω20-diols, ω20-hydroxy fatty acids) and structurally related ω9,ω10-dihydroxy compounds (ω9,ω10-diols, 1,ω9,ω10-triols and ω9,ω10-dihydroxy fatty acids). These very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) derivatives occur in the ferns’ waxes in free and esterified form. The specific distribution of these lipids differed between species belonging to each of the two sections in the <i>Azolla</i> genus: in species of the section <i>Azolla</i> and <i>Rhizosperma</i>, the ratio of C<sub>31</sub> over C<sub>35</sub> ω20-alkanols averaged 7.0 and 0.40, and the ratio of C<sub>26</sub> over C<sub>28</sub> ω20-hydroxy fatty acids averaged 2.7 and 1.0, respectively. Similar compounds were identified in species of another genus in the Salviniaceae family,<i>Salvinia</i>, suggesting that their biosynthetic pathway evolved early during Salviniaceae evolution (>89 Ma). <i>Salvinia</i> species contain ω20-hydroxy and ω9,ω10-dihydroxy compounds in smaller concentrations and in a much different distribution compared to Azolla; the C<sub>31</sub> 1,ω20-diol is unique to <i>Salvinia</i> species. Closely related fern species from the genera <i>Marsilea, Pilularia</i> and <i>Regnellidium</i> did not contain these compounds, nor did unrelated aquatic plants from the genera <i>Lemna</i> and <i>Pistia</i>. All mid-chain hydroxy compounds detected in extant <i>Azolla</i> have been traced previously in Arctic Eocene sediments from the so-called ‘Azolla Event’ (48.5 Ma), implying that they are well preserved in the geological record and may therefore serve as <i>Azolla</i> biomarkers. Our findings indicate that ω20-hydroxy and ω9,ω10-dihydroxy compounds in sediments could be used as biomarkers of the whole Salviniaceae family. Subsequently, the clear differences in compound distribution between the <i>Azolla</i> and <i>Salvinia</i> genera and the more subtle ones between the two <i>Azolla</i> sections, may allow assigning the compound’s origin at the genus (and possibly section) level, depending on the preservation of compound classes in the sediment and the timing of the <i>Azolla</i> or <i>Salvinia</i> deposition. This is exemplified by a sediment interval of the so-called ‘<i>Azolla</i> bed’ (Eemian), which contained trace amounts of the C<sub>31</sub> 1,ω20-diol, but none of the ω20-hydroxy and ω9,ω10-dihydroxy compounds common to <i>Azolla</i>, indicating the value of C<sub>31</sub> 1,ω20-diol as a biomarker for distinguishing <i>Salvinia</i> from <i>Azolla</i>.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"ω20-Hydroxy and ω9,ω10-dihydroxy biomarker lipids in ferns from the Salviniaceae family","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Azolla; Salvinia; Wax biosynthesis; ?20-hydroxy lipids; ?9,?10-dihydroxy lipids","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2018,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-11-19","DateCreate":"2018-11-15","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000448941300024","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2018.09.014"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":303009,"PubliDate":2018,"Pagination":"229-242","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"125","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":111331,"SerRR":"Organic Geochemistry. 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